Профиль участника
Проф. Ana Lucia Kassouf
Организация:
University of São Paulo and Partnership for Economic Policy
Страна:
Бразилия
Область (области) знаний:
I am working on:
climate change and gender issues
child labor and education in Brazil
chidbearing and labor market
microcredit
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Проф. Ana Lucia Kassouf
There is a study that investigated the effects of family wealth - using the agricultural land size as a proxy - on the probability that a child works in rural areas of Brazil. The results indicated that, after controlling for individual and family characteristics (age, gender, education and race), and demographic and regional effects, child labor was affected by family wealth. It was possible to observe that the child's probability to work as a function of the land size followed a parabolic curve, showing that as the land size increased, increased the probability that a child worked up to a maximum of 76 hectares, after which child labor decreased.
Trabalho infantil no meio rural brasileiro: Evidências sobre o "paradoxo da riqueza". Economia Aplicada. 2010. Ana Lucia Kassouf and Marcelo Justus
You can access the article here.
Проф. Ana Lucia Kassouf
In Brazil, children and adolescents are engaged mainly in agriculture and livestock activities. In 1996 the federal government launched the Child Labor Eradication Program with the specific goal of eradicating child labor. It started in selected states, and focused on children living in rural areas and engaged in dangerous activities. Later on the program was expanded nationwide and to urban areas. This program provided monthly cash payments to families with children between the age of 7 and 14 and with a per capita income below half the minimum monthly wage. The conditions are an agreement to withdraw the child from work and to maintain them attending regular school and after-school program, named Jornada Ampliada. In Brazil children stay only four or five hours a day in school. Thus the after-school program should lead with the families difficulties to take care of the children while they are not at school providing support to study for school, as well as sports, culture, artistic and leisure activities.
The program should also address the promotion and social inclusion of the families through the adult’s participation in socio-educative activities and in projects of professional qualification and to generate employment and income. According to the Ministry of Social Development, in 2005, one million children were beneficiaries of the Child Labor Eradication Program, with the government budget reaching 220 million US dollars. In that same year the operational part of the Child Labor Eradication Program as well as its cash transfer component was merged into the Bolsa Familia Program (larger CCT program in the world). In 2006, the Child Labor Eradication Program was integrated with the Bolsa Familia adding to this program the conditionality of having no children working in the beneficiary family.
CCT programs are important instrument to combat child labor.