Countries’ varying natural resource endowments are vital in explaining international trade. Traditional trade theory suggests that differences in technology and factor endowments lead countries to specialize and export certain goods or services in which they have a comparative advantage. The computable general equilibrium (CGE) model simulations used in this paper aim to explain agricultural trade patterns and show how agricultural trade would change in response to productivity, infrastructure and institutions improvements...

The November issue of the publication summarizes the salient trends and market outlook in 2022. The international meat prices reached an all-time high in June 2022 amid tight global supplies. Moreover, global meat production in 2022 is expected to expand only moderately, constrained by animal diseases, rising input costs and extreme weather events. Meanwhile, world meat trade is likely to fall, weighed by a contraction in pig meat imports and...

At the request of the government, an FAO Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission (CFSAM) visited the country from 10 to 28 October 2022 to estimate the 2022 crop production and forecast the country’s import requirements during the 2022/23 marketing year (July/June). The mission’s aim was to provide an accurate picture of the severity and extent of the drought and high agriculture input prices that affected the agriculture sector in...

This study reviews the agricultural policy environment and provides quantitative indicators for policy incentives and disincentives to agricultural producers for key commodity value chains in the eight study countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan), utilizing the methodology aligned with the approach of the International Organizations Consortium for Measuring the Policy Environment for Agriculture (Ag-Incentives Consortium). This...

This brochure presents two e-learning courses offered by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The Trade, Food Security and Nutrition (TFSN) course addresses the linkages between trade and food security, and seeks to strengthen capacities to develop and implement evidence-based trade policies taking into consideration the need for economic growth and structural transformation, as well as food security and nutrition concerns. The Agriculture in International Trade...

FAO and WTO issued a report on fertilisers for the G20 Leaders to avoid a global food availability crisis.

FAO’s latest forecasts point to somewhat easing of market conditions for basic foodstuffs. However, increased climate variability, conflicts and geopolitical tensions, bleak economic prospects, soaring agricultural input costs and export restrictions continue to pose challenges to global food commodity market stability. Issued twice a year, the November issue of the Food Outlook offers market summaries of FAO’s reviews of market supply and demand trends for the world’s major foodstuffs, namely cereals,...