Definition Abandoned land refers to a piece of property or an area of land that has been deserted, neglected, or left unused by its owner or occupants. It typically implies that the land has been forsaken or relinquished intentionally or unintentionally and is no longer being actively maintained or utilized. Unoccupied land refers to land that is not occupied by any person, is in a state of disuse, or for which it has not been possible to find any person, who by reason of an estate or vested interest, has a right to occupy the land.
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access and benefit-sharing
العربية
الحصول وتقاسم المنافع
中文
获取和惠益分享
Français
accès et partage des avantages
Русский
доступ к биологическим ресурсам и участие в доходах
Definition The way in which genetic resources may be accessed, and how the benefits that result from their use are shared between the people or countries using the resources (users) and the people or countries that provide them (providers).
Definition An authorization (access right), given to a user by a competent authority or by legislation, to exploit a resource or a share of a total allowable catch.
Definition Refers to the ability of people to seek and obtain a remedy through formal or informal institutions of justice for grievances in compliance with human rights standards. Access to justice involves normative legal protection, legal awareness, legal aid and counsel, adjudication, enforcement, and civil society oversight.
Definition Afforestation is the establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was under a different land use, implies a transformation of land use from non-forest to forest. Reforestation is the re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land classified as forest.
Definition Agricultural products that are either in their original form or have undergone only primary processing. Examples include cereals, coffee beans, sugar, palm oil, eggs, milk, fruits, vegetables, beef, cotton and rubber.
Definition Refers to the process that creates the conditions for the fulfilment of agricultural potential. Those conditions include the accumulation of knowledge and availability of technology as well as the allocation of inputs and output.
Definition All ecosystems modified or created by man specifically to grow or raise biological products for human consumption or use. This includes cropland, pasture, orchards, groves, vineyards, nurseries, ornamental horticultural areas, and confined feeding areas.
Definition An integrated approach that simultaneously applies ecological and social concepts and principles to optimize interactions between plants, animals, humans and the environment while addressing social aspects to achieve sustainable and fair agri-food systems.
Definition The collective term for land-use systems and technologies in which woody perennials (e.g. trees, shrubs, palms or bamboos) and agricultural crops or animals are used deliberately on the same parcel of land in some form of spatial and temporal arrangement.
Definition Air quality refers to the degree to which air is polluted; the type and maximum concentration of man-produced pollutants that should be permitted in the atmosphere. Air pollution is the general term alluding to the undesirable addition of substances (gases, liquids, or solid particles) to the atmosphere that are foreign to the natural atmosphere or are present in quantities exceeding natural concentrations.
Definition Allocation is the act or process of distributing or assigning resources, goods, or services among individuals, organizations, or sectors according to a particular set of criteria or principles. Allocation involves dividing available resources or assets in a planned or deliberate manner to meet specific needs or objectives. Quota refers to a specified amount or proportion that is allocated or assigned to individuals, groups, organizations, or sectors, often to regulate or control their activities or access to resources.
Definition Class of vertebrates including the (tail-less) frogs and toads (anurans), newts and salamanders, and worm-like (leg-less) Apoda. Animals having a vertebral column or backbone.
Definition Any material derived from animals that is not intended for direct human consumption. These by-products can come from various sources, including livestock, poultry, fish, and other animals. Animal by-products can be generated from animals raised for food, as well as animals used for other purposes such as research, fur production, or pet food manufacturing.
Definition Animal health covers the prevention, treatment and control of diseases and conditions affecting animals, as well as the interplay with animal welfare, human health, environment protection and food safety.
Definition In the context of agriculture, animal reproduction refers to the deliberate and controlled breeding of animals for the purpose of increasing or improving livestock populations. It involves managing the reproductive processes of farm animals to ensure efficient and successful reproduction, leading to the production of offspring that meet specific criteria for desired traits, such as productivity, health, or genetic characteristics.
Definition How an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives. An animal is in a good state of welfare if (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behaviour and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear and distress.
Definition AMR refers to when micro-organisms – bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites – evolve resistance to antimicrobial substances, like antibiotics. This can occur naturally through adaption to the environment, the pace of AMR's spread is now on the uptick due to inappropriate and excessive use of antimicrobials.
Definition Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies by humans in order to collect their honey and other products that the hive produce (including beeswax, propolis, flower pollen, bee pollen, and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers. Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk.
Definition Cultivation of plants or breeding of animals in water (embracing freshwater and brackish culture, fish farming). The farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants with some sort of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc.
Definition Plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater). Aquatic plants can only grow in water or in soil that is permanently saturated with water. They are therefore a common component of wetlands.
Definition Traditional fisheries involving fishing households (as opposed to commercial companies), using relatively small amount of capital and energy, relatively small fishing vessels (if any), making short fishing trips, close to shore, mainly for local consumption.
Definition A watershed is the geographical area drained by a watercourse. The concept applies at various scales – from, for example, a farm drained by a creek (a “micro-watershed”) to a large river basin (or a lake basin). A river basin usually comprises a complex system of watersheds and micro-watersheds crossed by and draining into a major river and its tributaries, from the beginning of the river (its “source”) to its mouth (and a lake basin may be defined as a geographic land area draining into a lake).
Definition Liquid substances that are intended for human consumption and are specifically formulated or prepared for drinking purposes. These substances can include a wide range of products such as water, juices, soft drinks, milk, tea, coffee, alcoholic beverages, and other similar liquid-based consumables.
Definition Variety among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
Definition A form of renewable energy generated when we burn biomass fuel. Biomass fuels come from organic material such as harvest residues, purpose-grown crops and organic waste from our homes, businesses and farms.
Definition Fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass such as fuelwood, charcoal, bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas (methane) or biohydrogen. A gaseous, liquid or solid fuel that contains energy derived from a biological source.
Definition Biological control agents, in the context of pest control, are living organisms that are used to manage or control pest populations. Unlike chemical pesticides, which are synthetic chemicals designed to kill or repel pests, biological control agents rely on the natural interactions between organisms to regulate pest populations. These agents are often employed in agriculture and horticulture to minimize the impact of pests on crops while reducing the reliance on traditional chemical pesticides.
Definition Set of measures or actions addressing the safety aspects related to the application of biotechnologies and to the release into the environment of transgenic plants and other organisms, particularly microorganisms, that could negatively affect plant genetic resources, plant, animal or human health, or the environment.
Definition A set of measures and practices designed to protect against the introduction and spread of infectious diseases, pathogens, or harmful biological agents within a particular environment. It encompasses a range of strategies aimed at preventing the entry and transmission of disease agents, whether they affect humans, animals, or plants.
Definition Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivates thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.
Definition Infant milk substitutes, feeding bottles, "natural" food, formula, dry milk. Also refers to national public information campaigns to promote breastfeeding, to the International Code on marketing of breast milk substitutes, etc.
Definition Refer to the intellectual property rights of persons (i.e. breeders/farmers) who breed, discover and develop new varieties of plants (provided that the variety is new, distinct, uniform and stable).
Definition The part of catch unintentionally captured during a fishing operation, in addition to target species, and consisting of discards and incidental catches of vulnerable species.
Definition A parcel-based land information system that includes a geometric description of land parcels, usually represented on a cadastral map. In some jurisdictions it is considered separate from, but linked to, the register of land rights and holders of those rights (land register), while in other jurisdictions the cadastre and land register are fully integrated.
Definition Encompasses the country's human, scientific, technological, organizational, institutional and resource capabilities. A fundamental goal of capacity building is to enhance the ability to evaluate and address the crucial questions related to policy choices and modes of implementation among development options, based on an understanding of environment potentials and limits and of needs perceived by the people of the country concerned.
Definition Animals that have a phenotype not significantly affected by human selection, but that are captive or otherwise live under direct human supervision or control. Include zoo animals and pets.
Definition Cartilaginous fishes are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates, and sawfish) and Holocephali (chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class). Also include “Picked dogfish" , “Spurdog”, “Dogfish”, “Porbeagle”, “Catshark”.
Definition The term “child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development. It refers to work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and/or interferes with their schooling.
Definition A model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended.
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Civil Code
العربية
القانون المدني
中文
民法典
Français
Code Civil
Русский
Гражданский кодекс
Español
Código Civil
Related terms
Definition A codification of private law relating to persons, family, property, inheritance, obligations and contracts. In some jurisdictions, some core areas of private law (commercial and corporate law) are codified under a separate commercial code.
Definition Classification refers to assigning something or someone to a particular legal category that is subject to specific rules, regulations, or requirements. This classification determines the legal treatment and obligations associated with that category. Declassification refers to moving something or someone from a legal category that is subject to specific rules to a different category that is subject to ordinary law. Declassification typically entails removing certain restrictions, regulations, or requirements that were previously applicable.
Definition Chemical and biological agents to remove food residue, dirt, grease or other objectionable matter and/or reduce the number of micro-organisms to a level that does not compromise food safety and public health. Cleaning products may contain toxic chemicals, some of which emit volatile organic compounds causing respiratory, dermatological and environmental harm.
Definition A change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Definition A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata consisting chiefly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground seams and used as fuel.
Definition The "Codex Alimentarius" is a collection of international standards for the safety and quality of food as well as codes of good manufacturing practice and other guidelines to protect the health of the consumer and remove unfair practices in international trade.
Definition Community management or common-pool resource management is the management of a common resource or issue by a community through the collective action of stakeholders.
Definition Instrument by which a sovereign authority grants to an individual or a company (the concessionaire), certain right or privilege for the exploitation of a territory or resource, the provision of a service or the execution of the agreed works.
Definition Condiments are added to a dish to add or complement its flavour. They are often prepared mixes (like mustard or soy sauce), although the broad definition can include spices (e.g. pepper). Herbs are the leaves from shrubs, best fresh although dried are common, used to add aroma to a dish. Spices are dried seeds, root, bark or other vegetable matter, used to add flavour and colour to a dish.
Definition Refers to a formal change or modification made to the text of a constitution. It involves altering the provisions, principles, or structure of the constitution itself.
Definition The practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace. Consumer protection measures are intended to prevent businesses from engaging in fraud or specified unfair practices in order to gain an advantage over competitors or to mislead consumers.
Definition The continental shelf of a coastal State comprises the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance.
Definition Refers to agricultural production carried out according to an agreement between a buyer and farmers, which establishes conditions for the production and marketing of a farm product or products.
Definition A corporation or association established to give economic services to its members without gain to itself. Includes agricultural cooperatives, cooperative societies, peasant associations, fishermen's cooperatives, etc.
Definition Marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically live in compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.
Definition The abuse of entrusted power for private gain. Corruption takes many forms, such as bribery, trading in influence, abuse of functions, but can also hide behind nepotism, conflicts of interest, or revolving doors between the public and the private sectors.
Definition Courts and tribunals are legal institutions that have the authority to hear and adjudicate legal disputes and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal and administrative matters.
Definition The right granted by a creditor to an applicant to defer payment of a debt, incur debt and defer its payment, or purchase property or services and defer payment therefor.
Definition A large group of mainly aquatic arthropods which include crabs, lobsters, shrimps, woodlice, barnacles, and many minute forms. They are very diverse, but most have four or more pairs of limbs and several other appendages.
Definition An expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions, values and food.
Definition Any wild, exotic, or venomous animal or other animal which, because of its size, disposition, or other characteristic, would constitute a danger to persons or property.
Definition Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion in order to have the means to present information in official reports.
Definition Refers to the transfer of authority from a central government to a sub-national entity. There are many ways in which a government may devolve power to the sub-national level - decentralization can be political, administrative, fiscal, or economic.
Definition Land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities.
Definition Diadromous is a general category describing fish that spend portions of their life cycles partially in fresh water and partially in salt water. These represent both anadromous and catadromous fish. Anadromous fishes spend most of their adult lives at sea, but return to fresh water to spawn.
Definition Disinfection - the process of cleaning something using chemicals that kill bacteria and other organisms (very small living things) that cause disease. Disinfestation - physical or chemical process to destroy or remove small undesirable animal forms, particularly arthropods or rodents, present upon the person, clothing, or environment of an individual or domestic animals.
Definition Relates to alternate dispute settlement mechanisms such as arbitration, mediation, conciliation, negotiation, enquiry, resort to agencies or arrangements, Alternative Dispute Resolution. It excludes judicial settlement of disputes, which is covered by keyword "special court/tribunal".
Definition Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area with excess of water. Land reclamation refers to the process of creating new land areas from bodies of water or converting unusable or submerged land into functional and habitable areas.
Definition Refers to the set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare to act promptly and appropriately to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.
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ecofriendly products/ecofriendly processes
العربية
المنتجات الصديقة للبيئة / عمليات صديقة للبيئة
中文
生态友好的产品/生态友好型工艺
Français
éco-produits/processus écologique
Русский
экологически чистые продукты/ экологически чистые процессы
Definition Eco-friendly products or processes do not harm the environment whether in their production, use or disposal. They help preserve the environment by significantly reducing the pollution they could produce.
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ecological production/organic production
العربية
الإنتاج الأيكولوجي / الانتاج العضوي
中文
生态生产/有机生产
Français
production écologique/production biologique
Русский
экологическое производство/органическое производство
Definition Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity. It emphasizes the use of management practices in preference to the use of off-farm inputs, taking into account that regional conditions require locally adapted systems. This is accomplished by using, where possible, agronomic, biological, and mechanical methods, as opposed to using synthetic materials, to fulfil any specific function within the system.
Definition Economic, social and cultural rights include the rights to adequate food, to adequate housing, to education, to health, to social security, to take part in cultural life, to water and sanitation, and to work.
Definition Ecosystem refers to the variety of habitats and communities of different species that interact in a complex web of interdependent relationships. From an ecological standpoint, preservation is defined as maintaining an intact ecosystem so that it functions at the same level as it has historically. Preservation also commonly entails prohibiting any human use that could compromise ecosystem function.
Definition The Law of the Sea Convention establishes a special legal regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone, which is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea and which shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Provisions may concern the right and duties of the coastal state in this zone (exploitation, exploration - for purposes of scientific research for instance - conservation and management of the natural resources/marine environment), the rights and duties of other states in this zone.
Definition Refers to liquid waste, including provisions regarding pollutants, effluent, waste water, waste water treatment, quality standards of receiving waters, waste water recycling. Includes sources of pollution not associated with a distinct discharge point, such as rainwater, runoff from agricultural lands, timber operations.
Definition Refer to the release or discharge of substances into the environment, particularly into the atmosphere. These substances can be in the form of gases, particles, or even energy. Emissions can originate from various sources, including natural processes, human activities, and industrial processes. In the context of environmental pollution and climate change, emissions commonly refer to the release of pollutants or greenhouse gases into the air.
Definition Emissions trading (also known as cap and trade) is a market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Emissions trading, also known as cap and trade, primarily deals with both pollution and climate change. It is a market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants that contribute to climate change or other environmental problems. In the context of climate change, emissions trading systems are often implemented to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), which are major contributors to global warming and climate change.
Definition A species of animal or plant threatened with extinction. Species classified by an objective process (e.g. national "Red Book") as being in IUCN categories "critically endangered" and "endangered". A species is considered to be "critically endangered" when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future. It is considered "endangered" when it is not critically endangered but is still facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future.
Definition Energy conservation is the effort made to reduce the consumption of energy by using less of an energy service. This can be achieved either by using energy more efficiently or by reducing the amount of service used. Energy production refers to the process of generating usable energy from various sources to meet societal needs. It involves converting primary energy sources, such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, renewable resources, or other forms of energy, into a more convenient and usable form of energy, such as electricity, heat, or mechanical power.
Definition Enforcement refers to the range of procedures and actions taken by a State and its competent authorities to ensure that persons or organizations failing to comply with laws or regulations are brought back into compliance or punished through appropriate action. Compliance refers to the state of conformity with regulatory requirements including, but not limited to, legislative provisions, regulations, rules, standards, and orders.
Definition Environmental auditing is essentially an environmental management tool for measuring the effects of certain activities on the environment against set criteria or standards.
Definition Environmental charges or fees, also known as environmental levies or taxes, are financial measures imposed by governments or regulatory bodies to address environmental issues, promote sustainable practices, and encourage pollution reduction. These charges are typically levied on individuals, businesses, or industries that engage in activities with negative environmental impacts.
Definition A process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
Definition Environmental security can be interpreted broadly to cover any major ecological development that seriously threatens the welfare of human societies, even without increasing the likelihood of war. Such threats are posed by the panoply of environmental problems, which include depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, desertification, deforestation, and the loss of biodiversity.
Definition Standards for materials, products and production processes to ensure that negative impacts on the environment are minimal or kept within certain limits.
Definition Refers to the physical tools, machinery, or devices used to perform specific tasks or functions, typically designed to improve productivity, efficiency, or effectiveness in various fields and industries.
Definition Refers to the act or process by which a government or other authorized entity takes ownership or control of private property, assets, or rights, typically for public use or benefit. It involves the compulsory seizure or transfer of property from its owner, often accompanied by fair compensation or payment.
Definition Family farming includes all family-based agricultural activities, and it is linked to several areas of rural development. Family farming is a means of organizing agricultural, forestry, fisheries, pastoral and aquaculture production which is managed and operated by a family and predominantly reliant on family labour, including both women’s and men’s.
Definition The protection of farmers’ rights includes the protection of traditional knowledge relevant to plant genetic resources, the right to equitably participate in sharing benefits arising from their utilization, and the right to participate in making decisions, at the national level, on matters related to their conservation and sustainable use.
Definition Any intentionally added ingredient not normally consumed as feed by itself, whether or not it has nutritional value, which affects the characteristics of feed or animal products.
Definition Fertilizer is a substance that is used to provide nutrients to plants, usually via application to the soil, but also to foliage or through water in rice systems, fertigation, hydroponics or aquaculture operations. Nutrients refer to elements essential for normal growth and reproduction of plants, generally not including carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Definition Plants that are deliberately grown for the production of fiber for textile (clothes), cordage (e.g., ropes), and filling (e.g., stuffing upholstery and mattresses).
Definition Refers to the various financial instruments, incentives, subsidies, programs, or policies implemented by governments or other entities to support and promote the agricultural sector.
Definition Fiscal measures are policy instruments using government revenue collection (mainly taxes) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy. Market measures are policy instruments that use markets, price, and other economic variables to provide incentives for producers and consumers.
Definition Any abnormal condition or illness that affects fish in both wild and captive environments. It encompasses a wide range of health issues that can impact fish species, including viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and physiological disorders.
Definition Any food or non-food items derived from fish or seafood. These products are obtained by processing and utilizing various parts of fish, including flesh, organs, and by-products.
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fishery management and conservation
العربية
إدارة وحفظ مصايد الأسماك
中文
渔业管理和保护
Français
gestion et conservation des pêches
Русский
управление рыболовством и сохранение рыбных запасов
Definition The integrated process of information gathering, analysis, planning, consultation, decision-making, allocation of resources and formulation and implementation, with enforcement as necessary, of regulations or rules which govern fisheries activities in order to ensure the continued productivity and sustainability of the resources and the accomplishment of other fisheries objectives.
Definition A specific geographical region where fishing activities occur. It can include coastal areas, offshore regions, exclusive economic zones (EEZs), and inland waters like lakes and rivers. Fishing areas can vary in size, productivity, and jurisdiction, and require proper management for sustainable fishing practices.
Definition Refers to a fee or tax imposed on fishing activities, typically by a government or governing body. It is a financial charge levied on individuals or entities engaged in fishing, and the revenue generated from the levy is often used to support various initiatives related to fisheries management, conservation, and the sustainable development of fishing industries.
Definition Any fishing device such as nets, lines, etc. (individual or collective). May also refer to the import, export, sale, possession of such gears. Provisions on fishing methods, such as the use of explosives or electricity, etc.
Definition Any vessel used for fishing (including sport fishing) or for the storage, transhipment, refuelling or supplying of other fishing vessels. It also includes vessels processing fish at sea.
Definition A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water.
Definition Any substance that is intentionally added to food during its production, processing, preparation, or packaging. Food additives are used to enhance the flavor, texture, appearance, safety, and shelf life of food products. These substances are regulated and approved for use by governmental authorities in most countries to ensure their safety and suitability for consumption.
Definition A set of interventions designed to provide access to food to vulnerable and food insecure populations. Generally included are instruments like food transfers, vouchers and cash transfers to ensure access to food of a given quantity, quality or value.
Definition Food loss is the decrease in the quantity or quality of food resulting from decisions and actions by food suppliers in the chain, excluding retailers, food service providers and consumers. It refers to any food that is discarded, incinerated or otherwise disposed of along the food supply chain from harvest/slaughter/catch up to, but excluding, the retail level, and does not re-enter in any other productive utilization, such as feed or seed. Food loss occurs from post-harvest up to, but not including, the retail level. Food waste is the decrease in the quantity or quality of food resulting from decisions and actions by retailers, food service providers and consumers. Food is wasted in many ways: fresh produce that deviates from what is considered optimal, for example in terms of shape, size and color, is often removed from the supply chain during sorting operations; foods that are close to, at or beyond the “best-before” date are often discarded by retailers and consumers; large quantities of wholesome edible food are often unused or left over and discarded from household kitchens and eating establishments.
Definition Food safety refers to protecting the food supply from microbial, chemical (i.e. rancidity, browning) and physical (i.e. drying out, infestation) hazards or contamination that may occur during all stages of food production and handling-growing, harvesting, processing, transporting, preparing, distributing and storing. The goal of food safety monitoring is to keep food wholesome. Food quality is the inspection, analysis, and other relevant actions taken to provide control over what is being done, manufactured, or fabricated, so that a desirable level of quality is achieved and maintained.
Definition A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Based on the definition, four food security dimensions can be identified: food availability, economic and physical access to food, food utilization and stability over time.
Definition The right of people to define their own policies and strategies for the sustainable production, distribution and consumption of food, with respect for their own cultures and their own systems of managing natural resources and rural areas, and is considered to be a precondition for food security.
Definition Provisions that regulate and/or restrict the ownership of land, or other rights to land, by foreigners, foreign organisations or foreign companies.
Definition Forest conservation means all activities to preserve and rehabilitate forests, in particular activities designed to protect or restore the biological diversity and ecological functions of the forest ecosystem, while securing as far as possible their current and future value for mankind and in particular for forest-dependent people. Forest management is the process of planning and implementing practices for the stewardship and use of forests to meet specific environmental, economic, social and cultural objectives. It deals with the administrative, economic, legal, social, technical and scientific aspects of managing natural and planted forests.
Definition A forest species is a species that forms part of a forest ecosystems or is dependent on a forest for part or all of its day-to-day living requirements or for its reproductive requirements. Therefore, an animal species may be considered a forest species even if it does not live most of its life in a forest.
Definition Any action or measure aimed at prevention and control of damage to forests arising from human action/activity, wildlife, livestock, of pests and abiotic agents.
Definition A framework law is a type of legislation that establishes the basic principles, guidelines, and overarching framework for a particular policy area or sector. It serves as a broad legal framework, providing a foundation for the development of more specific laws, regulations, and administrative measures.
Definition Refers to the intentional act of deceiving consumers or customers by misrepresenting or adulterating products for financial gain. It involves the deliberate substitution, dilution, or mislabeling, misrepresentation, or the sale of counterfeit or imitation products.
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Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)
العربية
الموافقة الحرة والمسبقة والمستنيرة
中文
自由、事先和知情同意
Français
Le consentement préalable, donné librement et en connaissance de cause (CPLCC)
Definition Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is a specific right that pertains to indigenous peoples and is recognised in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). It allows them to give or withhold consent to a project that may affect them or their territories. Once they have given their consent, they can withdraw it at any stage. Furthermore, FPIC enables them to negotiate the conditions under which the project will be designed, implemented, monitored and evaluated. This is also embedded within the universal right to self-determination.
Definition Refers to the contamination or degradation of freshwater by the addition of harmful substances or excessive levels of certain natural or man-made pollutants. It occurs when pollutants or contaminants are introduced into water bodies in quantities that exceed the natural capacity of the environment to absorb them, dilute, or break them down. Water pollution may also include the release of energy, in the form of radioactivity or heat, into bodies of water.
Definition Refers to the social, economic and cultural roles and relations between women and men, taking into account their different access to and control over the resources, as well as their responsibilities in a given culture or location and in different population groups (children, aged people, ethnic groups, socio-economic, etc.).
Definition Genetic resources means genetic material of actual or potential value; genetic material means any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity.
Definition The modification of the genetic characteristics of a microorganism, plant or animal by inserting a modified gene or a gene from another variety or species.
Definition Indication which identifies a good as originating in the territory, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.
Definition A process or methodology that is ethical, fair, and replicable, has been shown to work well, succeeds in achieving its objective(s), and therefore can be recommended as a model.
Definition Refers to the process, structure, and mechanisms through which decisions are made and authority is exercised within organizations, communities, or societies. It encompasses the rules, policies, and practices that guide the behavior and interactions of individuals and groups in order to achieve specific goals or objectives.
Definition HACCP is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product.
Definition A place on the coast where ships may moor in shelter, especially one protected from rough water by piers, jetties, and other artificial structures.
Definition A hazardous substance refers to any chemical, material, or agent that has the potential to cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment due to its intrinsic properties. These substances can pose a range of health hazards, including toxicity, flammability, explosiveness, corrosiveness, reactivity, or environmental hazards.
Definition Hazards refer to potential sources or situations that can cause harm, damage, injury, or negative effects. They can arise from physical conditions, chemicals, biological organisms, ergonomic factors, psychosocial issues, or natural events. Hazards are present in various environments, including workplaces, public spaces, homes, and the natural world. Identifying and assessing hazards is crucial for managing risks and implementing measures to prevent or minimize harm.
Definition Refers to a record or registry of animals within a specific livestock breed or species. It is a centralized database or collection of information that contains pedigrees, breeding histories, and other relevant details of individual animals within a particular herd or breeding population.
Definition All parts of the sea that are not included in the exclusive economic zone, in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State, or in the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State.
Definition Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands and tissues in the body that regulate and coordinate various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. Steroids are a specific class of organic compounds, some of which are hormones, with various functions such as regulating metabolism, immune responses, stress responses, and controlling reproductive processes.
Definition A set of fundamental rights and freedoms inherent to all individuals, regardless of their nationality, ethnicity, gender, religion, or any other characteristic. They encompass basic entitlements and protections that every person is entitled to, including but not limited to the right to life, liberty, equality, freedom of expression, freedom from discrimination, and access to education, healthcare, and a fair legal system. Human rights are internationally recognized and protected by laws, treaties, and institutions to ensure the dignity, well-being, and equality of all individuals.
Definition The legal permissions or privileges granted to individuals or groups to hunt game animals or birds on a specific piece of land or within a defined area.
Definition Hunting, also known as take, refers to the act of pursuing, capturing, or killing wild animals for various purposes, including food, sport, population control, or commercial trade. It involves the use of weapons, such as firearms or archery equipment, and can take place in different environments, such as forests, fields, or waterways.
Definition Hydroelectric power, also called hydropower, electricity produced from generators driven by turbines that convert the potential energy of falling or fast-flowing water into mechanical energy.
Definition Relates to all measures necessary to ensure the safety and wholesomeness of animals/animal products and food. These measures cover all stages after primary production up to supply to the consumer.
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Illegal unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU fishing)
العربية
الصيد غير القانوني دون إبلاغ ودون تنظيم
中文
非法、不报告和不管制（IUU）捕鱼
Français
Pêche illicite, non déclarée et non réglementée (INN)
Русский
Незаконный, несообщаемый и нерегулируемый (ННН) промысел
Español
Pesca ilegal, no declarada y no reglamentada (pesca INDNR)
Definition Refers to fishing practices that violate national or international laws, lack proper authorization, or go undocumented. Illegal fishing involves breaking applicable laws, like fishing without a license, ignoring fishing seasons or size restrictions, or operating in protected zones. Unreported fishing refers to catching and keeping fish without reporting the quantities or species caught to the relevant authorities. Unregulated fishing refers to fishing activities that lack adequate monitoring, control, or management, often due to ineffective fisheries management measures or poor governance.
Definition People whose ancestors inhabited a place or a country when persons from another culture or ethnic background arrived on the scene and dominated them through conquest, settlement, or other means and who today live more in conformity with their own social, economic, and cultural customs and traditions than those of the country of which they now form a part (also referred to as “native,” “aboriginal,” or “tribal” peoples).
Definition Water used for industrial purposes such as manufacturing, processing, washing, and cooling. Includes such industries as steel, chemical and allied products, paper and allied products, mining, and petroleum refining.
Definition Refers to the legal procedure by which the assets, rights and/or obligations of a deceased person (the decedent) are transferred to their heirs or beneficiaries. It involves the distribution of the decedent's property, including real estate, money, investments, personal belongings, and other assets, according to their will or the applicable laws of intestacy if there is no valid will.
Definition Inland fisheries typically refer to the capture and harvest of wild fish populations and other aquatic organisms from natural freshwater bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.
Definition The surface water existing inland including lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, natural or artificial watercourses and reservoirs, and coastal lagoons and artificial water bodies.
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innovation
العربية
ابتكار
中文
创新
Français
innovation
Русский
инновации
Español
innovación
Related terms
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Definition Innovations include the creation of new products and processes, the application of new products in other domains, or the enhancement of the routines and procedures associated with these applications.
Definition A class of the Arthropoda typically having a segmented body with an external, chitinous covering, a pair of compound eyes, a pair of antennae, three pairs of mouthparts, and two pairs of wings.
Definition Examination of a product design, product, process or installation and determination of its conformity with specific requirements or, on the basis of professional judgement, with general requirement.
Definition An institution refers to an established organization, system, or structure that serves a particular purpose, often within a specific social, economic, or political framework. They typically have established rules, customs, and procedures that guide their functioning and influence the interactions and behaviors of individuals or groups within their sphere of influence.
Definition A continuous process through which decisions are made for the sustainable use, development, and protection of areas and resources. Integrated management acknowledges the relationships that exist among different uses and the environments they potentially affect. It is designed to overcome the fragmentation inherent in a sectoral approach, analyses the implications of development, conflicting uses, and promotes linkages and harmonization among various activities.
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integrated pest management-IPM/pest management strategies
العربية
المكافحة المتكاملة للآفات / استراتيجيات إدارة الآفات
中文
综合虫害管理-IPM /虫害治理策略
Français
gestion intégrée du risque phytosanitaire/stratégie phytosanitaire
Русский
интегрированное управление пестицидами ИУП/стратегии борьбы с вредителями
Español
manejo integrado de plagas/estrategias de manejo de plagas
Definition It is the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keeps pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms.
Definition Intellectual property rights allow the creators – or owners of patents, trademarks or copyrighted works – to benefit from their own work or investment in a creation.
Definition Collaborative efforts and interactions among different countries or international entities to address common challenges, pursue shared goals, and promote mutual interests. It involves the exchange of information, resources, expertise, and support between nations, with the aim of achieving outcomes that are difficult or impossible to accomplish individually.
Definition Invasive alien species are plants, animals, pathogens and other organisms that are non-native to an ecosystem, and which may cause economic or environmental harm or adversely affect human health. In particular, they impact adversely upon biodiversity, including decline or elimination of native species - through competition, predation, or transmission of pathogens - and the disruption of local ecosystems and ecosystem functions.
Definition Investment is the commitment of capital (whether financial, physical, intellectual, or other) to something with the expectation of accumulating additional income or benefits in the future.
Definition The artificial application of water to agricultural land or crops to supplement natural rainfall and ensure the optimal growth and productivity of plants. It involves the controlled distribution of water through various techniques, such as canals, ditches, pipes, sprinklers, or drip systems, to deliver water directly to the roots of plants.
Definition Human beings as factors of production. The labour supply consists of all those able and willing to work, including the self-employed and unemployed as well as employed workers. On a farm, usually it is broadly classified into operator's labour, family labour and hired labour.
Definition Legal or customary rights and obligations that individuals, communities, or governments have with respect to land and natural resources. It involves the rights of ownership, possession, use, and transfer of land, as well as the responsibilities and duties associated with these rights.
Definition The movement of fish and fishery products in any form from a vessel to dockside in a port or free-trade zone, even if subsequently transferred to another vessel.
Definition The systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternative patterns of land use and other physical, social and economic conditions, for the purpose of selecting and adopting the land-use options that are the most beneficial to land users without degrading the resources or the environment, together with the selection of measures most likely to encourage such land uses.
Definition An administrative proceeding is a non-judicial determination of fault or wrongdoing and may include, in some cases, penalties of various forms. They are typically conducted by government or military institutions. Legal proceeding: Action or procedure instituted in a court of law to acquire a benefit, interest, or right or to enforce a remedy.
Definition Less-favoured area (LFA) is a term used to describe an area with natural handicaps (lack of water, climate, short crop season and tendencies of depopulation), or that is mountainous or hilly, as defined by its altitude and slope.
Definition Liability is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation. Compensation is the the act or state of compensating, as by rewarding someone for service or by making up for someone's loss, damage, or injury by giving the injured party an appropriate benefit.
Definition Livestock water use is water associated with livestock watering, feedlots, dairy operations, and other on-farm needs. Livestock includes dairy cows and heifers, beef cattle and calves, sheep and lambs, goats, hogs and pigs, horses, and poultry. Other livestock water uses include cooling of facilities for the animals and products, dairy sanitation and wash down of facilities, animal waste-disposal systems, and incidental water losses. The livestock category excludes on-farm domestic use, lawn and garden watering, and irrigation water use.
Definition Level of administration below the national government within a particular sovereign state, geographically localised and with limited powers (e.g. county councils, borough councils, municipalities, departments, districts).
Definition Any kind of provision and measure for the management and conservation of natural resources, e.g. wildlife, protected areas, coastal resources.
Definition Cultivation, management and harvesting of marine organisms in the sea, in specially constructed rearing facilities e.g. cages, pens and long-lines.
Definition The commercial or subsistence harvesting of fish and other seafood from the oceans, seas, and other bodies of saltwater. This includes the catching, processing, and distribution of fish and other aquatic organisms for consumption, trade, or other purposes.
Definition The introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities.
Definition Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designated areas in the ocean or coastal waters that are legally protected to conserve and manage marine ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources. These areas are established with the goal of preserving habitats, protecting vulnerable species, and promoting sustainable use of marine resources.
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marine spatial planning
العربية
تخطيط الحيز البحري
中文
海洋空间规划
Français
planification spatiale marine
Русский
морское пространственное планирование
Español
planificación espacial marina
Related terms
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Definition A public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives that usually have been specified through a political process.
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maritime boundaries
العربية
الحدود البحرية
中文
海洋边界
Français
frontières maritimes
Русский
морские границы
Español
límites marítimos
Broader terms
Definition Maritime boundaries are geographically and politically defined by States (normally as coastal, or archipelagic, States), based on the rules regarding the determination of baselines and maritime boundaries laid down in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The exact extent of these boundaries, and more detailed rules on maritime jurisdiction can be established by national law or by international agreements, in particular between neighboring States. Pursuant to the UNCLOS, maritime boundaries define marine areas in which coastal states, including archipelagic States, have sovereignty or exercise exclusive sovereign rights.
Definition The maritime zones recognized under international law include internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf, the high seas and the Area. With the exception of the high seas and the Area, each of these maritime zones is measured from the baseline determined in accordance with customary international law as reflected in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention.
Definition The movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border, or within a State. It is a population movement, encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length, composition and causes; it includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants, and persons moving for other purposes, including family reunification.
Definition The entire population or any geographically separate part of the population of any species or lower taxon of wild animals, a significant proportion of whose members cyclically and predictably cross one or more national jurisdictional boundaries.
Definition Dairy products or milk products are a type of food produced from or containing the milk of mammals. They are primarily produced from mammals such as cattle, water buffaloes, goats, sheep, camels and humans. Dairy products include food items such as yogurt, cheese and butter.
Definition A naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystalline substance which has a fixed structure and a chemical composition which is either fixed or which may vary within certain defined limits.
Definition The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.
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model law
العربية
القانون النموذجي
中文
示范法
Français
loi type
Русский
модельный (типовой) законодательный акт
Español
ley modelo
Related terms
Definition Refers to a template or prototype legislation that is proposed by a legal organization or authority. It serves as a guide for countries or jurisdictions to adopt or adapt when formulating their own laws or regulations on a particular subject.
Definition Monitoring can be defined as a continuing function that aims primarily to provide the management and main stakeholders of an ongoing intervention with early indications of progress, or lack thereof, in the achievement of results. An ongoing intervention might be a project, programme or other kind of support to an outcome.
Definition Land area that rises prominently above its surroundings, generally exhibiting steep slopes, a relatively confined summit area, and considerable local relief. Mountains generally are understood to be larger than hills, but the term has no standardized geological meaning.
Definition The maximum concentration of residue resulting from the use of a veterinary drug or a pesticide that is recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission to be legally permitted or recognized as acceptable in or on a food.
Definition Protected area managed mainly for ecosystem protection and recreation. National parks are relatively large areas, which contain representative samples of major natural regions, features or scenery, where plant and animal species, geomorphological sites, and habitats are of special scientific, educational and recreational interest. The area is managed and developed so as to sustain recreation and educational activities on a controlled basis. The area and visitors' use are managed at a level which maintains the area in a natural or semi-natural state.
Definition Flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground (often in association with petroleum) and used as fuel.
Definition Navigation covers a wide range of issues, including the design, construction, equipment, and operation of vessels, as well as the qualifications and training of crew members, navigation aids, traffic management, pollution prevention, and liability and compensation for maritime accidents.
Definition Any organization, commercial or non-commercial, which is independent from government, such as associations, companies, joint ventures, users' organizations.
Definition Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are any product or service other than timber that is produced in forests. They include fruits and nuts, vegetables, fish and game, medicinal plants, resins, essences and a range of barks and fibres such as bamboo, rattans, and a host of other palms and grasses.
Definition Substance, product, material or food ingredient which is original, newly created, or appearing and being used for the first time. Includes: novel processes, new foods, new products.
Definition Nuclear energy is a form of energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons. This source of energy can be produced in two ways: fission – when nuclei of atoms split into several parts – or fusion – when nuclei fuse together.
Definition The intake of food, and the interplay of biological, social, and economic processes that influence the growth, function and repair of the body.
Definition Any kind of violation of the provisions provided for by law. Penalties/sanctions for any kind of violation of the provisions provided for by law.
Definition Oils, oilseeds, and fats are important commodities in the agricultural and food industries. Oils and fats are not only used in food preparation but also find application in non-food industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuel production. Oilseeds are plants that contain oil-rich seeds or fruits. Common oilseeds include soybeans, rapeseed (canola), sunflower seeds, cottonseeds, palm kernels, and peanuts. These seeds are processed to extract oil, which is then used for various purposes. Oils are extracted from oilseeds and are widely used in cooking, food processing, and industrial applications. Some common types of oils include soybean oil, palm oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, and olive oil. Fats are a type of lipid that are solid at room temperature. They are derived from both animal and plant sources. Fats are used in cooking, baking, and food manufacturing to provide texture, flavor, and nutritional value to various products. Examples of fats include butter, lard, tallow, and solid vegetable fats.
Definition A plant from which vegetable oil can be extracted from the fruit or seeds.
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One Health approach
العربية
نهج الصحة الواحدة
中文
同一个健康
Français
Approche ”Une seule santé”
Русский
Единый подход к здоровью
Español
Enfoque ”Una salud”
Related terms
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Definition One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems. It recognizes the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and inter-dependent. The approach mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines and communities at varying levels of society to work together to foster well-being and tackle threats to health and ecosystems, while addressing the collective need for clean water, energy and air, safe and nutritious food, taking action on climate change, and contributing to sustainable development.
Definition Any material that is biodegradable and comes from either a plant or an animal. Examples of organic waste include manure, green waste, food waste, paper and cardboard, biosolids, manure and sludges.
Definition Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over property, which may be any asset, including an object, land or real estate, intellectual property.
Definition Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Labelling includes any written, printed or graphic matter that is present on the label, accompanies the food, or is displayed near the food, including that for the purpose of promoting its sale or disposal.
Definition Payments for ecosystem services (PES) occur when a beneficiary or user of an ecosystem service makes a direct or indirect payment to the provider of that service. The idea is that whoever preserves or maintains an ecosystem service should be paid for doing so.
Definition Any substance intended for preventing, destroying, attracting, repelling, or controlling any pest including unwanted species of plants or animals during the production, storage, transport, distribution and processing of food, agricultural commodities, or animal feeds or which may be administered to animals for the control of ectoparasites.
Definition Pests are destructive insects or other animals that attack crops, food, livestock, etc. Disease is a deviation from the state of complete physical or social well-being of an organism involving a well-defined set of symptoms and etiology, and leading to an impairment of its normal function.
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PIC-prior informed consent
العربية
الموافقة المسبقة عن علم
中文
PIC-事先知情同意
Français
ICP-information et consentement préalables
Русский
ПОС-предварительно обоснованное согласие
Español
ICP-procedimiento de información y consentimiento previos
Definition In the context of Access Benefit Sharing and the Nagoya Protocol, PIC refers to the administrative permit given by the competent national authority of a provider country to a user, prior to accessing genetic resources. In the context of the Rotterdam Convention, a PIC procedure is established to ensure that restricted hazardous chemicals are not exported to countries that do not wish to receive them.
Definition Preventing the spread and introduction of pests and diseases of plants and plant products, and promoting appropriate measures for their control.
Definition A plant grouping, within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, defined by the reproducible expression of its distinguishing and other genetic characteristics. A variety may be represented by seed, transplants, plants, tubers, tissue culture plantlets, and other forms.
Definition Planting material means any part of the plant that can be used for reproduction. Seeds refer to the unit of reproduction of a flowering plant, capable of developing into another such plant.
Definition The process of identifying and analyzing policy issues, evaluating potential policy options, and making recommendations for policy actions to achieve specific goals or objectives. The function of policy planning is to develop strategies and plans to address complex problems and challenges faced by organizations, governments, and societies.
Definition The principle that countries or private companies or even individuals should in some way compensate others for the effects of pollution that they (or their citizens) generate or have generated.
Definition As a tool to combat IUU fishing, Port State Measures (PSM) are requirements established or interventions undertaken by port states which a foreign fishing vessel must comply with or is subjected to as a condition for use of ports within the port state. National PSM would typically include requirements related to prior notification of port entry, use of designated ports, restrictions on port entry and landing/transhipment of fish, restrictions on supplies and services, documentation requirements and port inspections, as well as related measures, such as IUU vessel listing, trade-related measures and sanctions.
Definition Relates to post-harvest procedures such as chemotherapy, fumigation, thermotherapy, as well as to specific products designed to maintain and preserve the quality, freshness, and value of the harvested products, extending their shelf life and ensuring their suitability for storage, transport, and consumption.
Definition Poultry products refer to a range of food items that are derived from domesticated birds, primarily chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese. These products can be obtained from various parts of the bird, including meat, eggs, and by-products.
Definition A pronounced deprivation of well-being related to lack of material income or consumption, low levels of education and health, vulnerability and exposure to risk, and voicelessness and powerlessness.
Definition Principle adopted by the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) that in order to protect the environment, a precautionary approach should be widely applied, meaning that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.
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prescription/adverse possession
العربية
وصفة الامتلاك / حيازة سلبية
中文
长期占有/逆权侵占
Français
prescription acquisitive/usucapion
Русский
право приобретательной давности/противопоставленное владение
Definition Prescription is the manner of acquiring property by a long, honest, and uninterrupted possession or use during the time required by law. Adverse possession is a legal principle under which a person who does not have legal title to a piece of property — usually land — acquires legal ownership based on continuous possession or occupation of the property without the permission of its legal owner.
Definition Priorities referring to water resources are the specific goals or actions that are given higher importance or preference when managing or utilizing water in various contexts. These priorities are established to ensure the sustainable and efficient use of water resources to meet the needs of different sectors and stakeholders.
Definition Land belonging to any private person or group of persons or juridical entity by virtue of statutory or customary laws; land not owned by federal, state, county, or local governments.
Definition All activities relating to production/processing/manufacturing/transforming cycle. This keyword also includes facilities and premises where products are handled and processed.
Definition Property rights refer to a bundle of rights to use, control, and transfer assets, including land. These include the rights to occupy, enjoy, and use; to restrict others from entry or use; to dispose, buy, or inherit; to develop or improve; to cultivate; to sublet; to realize financial benefits; and to access services in association with land.
Definition Refers to any area specifically designated and delineated by law for protection purposes. The essence is that within the area, a special legal regime applies, including special restrictions and/or prohibitions.
Definition A designated zone or area in which fishing activities are restricted or prohibited to conserve and protect fish stocks, ecosystems, and the overall marine environment. It is a management tool employed by governments and conservation organizations to safeguard vulnerable or threatened fish populations, maintain biodiversity, and sustainably manage fisheries resources.
Definition Forests managed primarily for their beneficial influence on the environment. These are areas, wholly or partially covered with forest or woody growth, particularly located on steep or unstable terrain, and managed primarily to regulate stream flow, maintain water quality, minimize erosion, torrents, and avalanches; stabilize drifting sand, or exert any other beneficial forest influences.
Definition Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair damage and reverse trends.
Definition Conservation and preservation of natural environments or areas that provide suitable conditions for the survival and reproduction of various species. The protection of habitats involves efforts to maintain and restore the integrity, diversity, and functionality of these ecosystems, recognizing their ecological value and the services they provide.
Definition Refers to the conservation and preservation of individual plant or animal species to prevent their decline, extinction, or loss of genetic diversity. It involves taking actions and implementing measures to safeguard the survival and well-being of species in their natural habitats or through managed conservation programs.
Definition Any land owned or controlled by the government or a public entity for the benefit and use of the general public. It is distinct from private land, which is owned by individuals, corporations, or other private entities.
Definition The use of appropriate procedures for informing the public and obtaining early and continuing participation in planning and decision making.
Definition PPP involves a contract between a public sector authority and a private party, in which the private party provides a public service or project and assumes substantial financial, technical and operational risk in the project.
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public procurement
العربية
المشتريات العامة
中文
公共采购
Français
marchés publics
Русский
государственные закупки
Español
contratación pública
Related terms
Definition Process by which governments purchase goods, services, capital and technologies for their own or public use.
Definition Waters deemed by law to form part of the public domain, as opposed to private water. They might include the territorial sea, groundwaters, as well as waterways, rivers, lakes and other water resources considered of public interest.
Definition Energy that comes from a source and travels through some material or through space. Light, heat and sound are types of radiation. Includes ionizing radiation (radioactivity), electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet, light, infrared, and radio waves.)
Definition Ranching/captive breeding is the process of breeding/ranching wildlife outside of their natural habitat in restricted conditions such as fauna reserves, zoos and other conservation facilities (ex situ).
Definition Ratification defines the act whereby a State indicates its consent to be bound by a treaty. Acts of acceptance or approval of a treaty have the same legal effect as acts of ratification and consequently express the consent of a State to be bound by a treaty.
Definition Renewable energy consists of energy produced and/or derived from sources infinitely renovated (hydro, solar, wind) or generated by combustible renewables (sustainably produced biomass); usually expressed in energy units and, in the case of fuels, based on net calorific values.
Definition A vertebrate animal of a class that includes snakes, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, and tortoises. They are distinguished by having a dry scaly skin and typically laying soft-shelled eggs on land.
Definition Measurement and valuation of natural capital - the stock of renewable and non-renewable resources that yields a flow of benefits to people. Natural capital includes clean air, water, energy, food and raw materials, among others.
Definition The right to use and/or harvest products from resources controlled by the State or owned by other persons. Rights of use are contemplated in special contracts such as lease, loan, usufruct, as well as in servitudes.
Definition The right to a healthy environment brings together all that humanity has learned about how human rights and the environment interact. It encompasses the environmental dimensions of the rights to life, health, food, water, sanitation, property, private life, culture, and non-discrimination, among others.
Definition The right to have regular, permanent and free access, either directly or by means of financial purchases, to quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and sufficient food corresponding to the cultural traditions of the people to which the consumer belongs, and which ensures a physical and mental, individual and collective, fulfilling and dignified life free of fear.
Definition Refers to the concept that every individual has the fundamental right to access sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic use. It incorporates the right to sanitation entitling everyone to have physical and affordable access to sanitation, in all spheres of life, that is safe, hygienic, secure, and socially and culturally acceptable and that provides privacy and ensures dignity.
Definition Risk assessment is the overall process of analysis and evaluation of a risk with regard to its impact and the likelihood of its being realized, and the selection of an appropriate risk response. Risk management is the process of identifying, selecting and implementing measures that can be applied to reduce the level of risk.
Definition A gnawing mammal of an order that includes rats, mice, squirrels, hamsters, porcupines, and their relatives, distinguished by strong constantly growing incisors and no canine teeth.
Definition Refers to any payment in the form of a fee, charge or royalty due in connection with any activity or service performed by a public or private authority, e.g., inspection process, application process to obtain an authorization, a licence or a permit, etc. Includes rate setting.
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rural development
العربية
تنمية ريفية
中文
乡村发展
Français
développement rural
Русский
развитие сельской местности
Español
desarrollo rural
Related terms
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Definition Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people living in rural areas, often relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas.
Definition Rural employment refers to any activity, occupation, work, business or service performed by rural people for remuneration, profit, social or family gain, or by force, in cash or kind, including under a contract of hire, written or oral, expressed or implied, and regardless if the activity is performed on a self-directed, part-time, full-time or casual basis. Rural employment is comprised of agricultural employment, which includes both on-farm self-employment and wage employment in the agricultural sector, as well as non-agricultural employment, which includes non-farm self-employment and wage employment.
Definition Saltwater intrusion refers to the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to groundwater quality degradation, including drinking water sources, and other consequences. Siltation refers to the accumulation or deposition of fine sediment, known as silt, in bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, or reservoirs. It occurs when soil particles, particularly those with a small grain size, settle and settle at the bottom of water bodies, gradually building up over time.
Definition School feeding involves providing food to children in schools. There are as many types of programs as there are countries, but they can be classified into two main groups based on their modalities: (1) in-school feeding, where children are fed in school; and (2) take-home rations, where families are given food if their children attend school.
Definition Refers to a charge or burden upon one estate (servient estate) for the benefit or advantage of an estate belonging to another (dominant estate).
Definition The infrastructure and system that is designed to collect, transport, treat, and dispose of wastewater or sewage. It plays a crucial role in maintaining public health and protecting the environment by preventing the contamination of water sources and the spread of waterborne diseases.
Definition Smallholders are small-scale farmers, pastoralists, forest keepers, fishers who manage areas varying from less than one hectare to 10 hectares. Smallholders are characterized by family-focused motives such as favouring the stability of the farm household system, using mainly family labour for production and using part of the produce for family consumption.
Definition A process of evaluating the likely impacts, both beneficial and adverse, of a proposed development that may affect the rights, which have an economic, social, cultural, civic and political dimension, as well as the well-being, vitality and viability, of an affected community – that is, the quality of life of a community as measured in terms of various socio-economic indicators, such as income distribution, physical and social integrity and protection of individuals and communities, employment levels and standards of housing and accommodation, infrastructure, services.
Definition A set of interventions whose objective is to reduce social and economic risk and vulnerability, and to alleviate extreme poverty and deprivation: social assistance, social insurance, labour market protection.
Definition Soil conservation is the protection of soil from erosion and other types of deterioration, so as to maintain soil fertility and productivity. It generally includes watershed management and water management. Soil improvement concerns in the first place the appropriate management of problem soils. It also involves the improvement of degraded soils in terms of soil prevention, mitigation, and rehabilitation.
Definition Soil pollution refers to the presence in the soil of a chemical or substance out of place and/or present at a higher than normal concentration that has adverse effects on any non-targeted organism. Soil quality refers to the soil's biological, chemical, and physical properties and processes and its capacity to perform essential ecosystem services.
Definition Refers to the action of restoring soil already degraded to such an extent that the original use is no longer possible and the land has become practically unproductive. Generally, long term and often costly investments are needed to show any impact.
Definition Any solid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous materials discarded from industrial, commercial, mining, or agricultural operations, and from community activities. Solid waste includes garbage, construction debris, commercial refuse, sludge from water supply or waste treatment plants, or air pollution control facilities, and other discarded materials.
Definition Refer to specific food products or dietary regimens designed to meet the nutritional needs of individuals with particular health conditions, dietary restrictions, or specific nutritional requirements.
Definition Refers to a designated pool of money or financial resources that is set aside for a specific purpose or objective. It is typically established and maintained by a government, organization, or institution to ensure that funds are allocated and used exclusively for a particular project, program, or activity.
Definition Stock enhancement refers to the process of augmenting existing fish populations by releasing hatchery-reared or captive-bred fish into natural water bodies. Repopulation refers to the process of reintroducing fish into water bodies where the population has severely declined or been extirpated (completely eliminated).
Definition Agreement between two or more of the constituent states of a federal State, e.g. between the federation and the states, or any agreement between public authorities within a sovereign state.
Definition Subsidies refer to a payment or benefit given to partially offset the cost of specific activities, such as the manufacture, production, or export of an article. Incentives generally refer to financial incentives (compensation, interest subsidies, production subsidies, tax exemption, tax reduction, grants, bonuses, rewards, loans with low interest rates, etc.) set by a government in order to support the management and development of a given sector.
Definition Sugar cane is a perennial grass (replanted at certain intervals using pieces of the cane stalk) cultivated mainly between the tropics all over the world. In certain countries, sugar cane is also eaten raw in non-negligible quantities and used for feed. Sugar beet is a biennial plant grown as an annual crop, propagated by flower seeds, chiefly for the manufacture of sugar from its roots.
Definition Surface water is water located on top of land, forming terrestrial (surrounding by land on all sides) waterbodies, and may also be referred to as blue water, opposed to the seawater and waterbodies like the ocean.
Definition Refers to the process of accurately determining and mapping the three-dimensional positions, boundaries, and characteristics of land and its features. It involves measuring and documenting various aspects of the Earth's surface, including its shape, size, and location.
Definition Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depend. The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resources are used to continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development can be defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Definition Use of resources in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term degradation of the environment, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations.
Definition Any of various stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous artiodactyl mammals (family Suidae) with a thick bristly skin and a long flexible snout.
Definition Territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. The territorial sea is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state, although foreign ships (military and civilian) are allowed innocent passage through it, or transit passage for straits; this sovereignty also extends to the airspace over and seabed below.
Definition Refers to a type of mineral water that is located deep underground which contains healing properties and is exempt from bacteria and pollution. Naturally pure and rich in mineral salts, iodine and CO2, thermal water is recognized for its therapeutic properties, particularly those that concern the skin.
Definition Refers to wood that is harvested from trees, specifically those that are suitable for use in construction, carpentry, and other applications.
Definition The total allowable catch (TAC) is a catch limit set for a particular fishery, generally for a year or a fishing season. TACs are usually expressed in tonnes of live-weight equivalent, but are sometimes set in terms of numbers of fish.
Definition Toxicity means a physiological or biological property which determines the capacity of a chemical to do harm or produce injury to a living organism by other than mechanical means. Poisoning means occurrence of damage or disturbance caused by a poison, and includes intoxication.
Definition The Export, re-export, import and introduction from the sea of a species, i.e. an animal or plant, whether alive or dead, any recognizable part or derivate thereof.
Definition Knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
Definition Traditional rights are rights of indigenous or traditional people which (to present) have not been considered in a national and international context or have not (yet) been recorded, and which are based on the legal system of the individual cultures. Customary rights are rights of individuals or groups founded upon customary, long continued practices and usage.
Definition Environmental effects in adjacent State territories caused by various sources, i.e. underwater noise, marine discharges, atmospheric emissions, accidental events.
Definition Any movement of hazardous wastes or other wastes from an area under the national jurisdiction of one State to or through an area under the national jurisdiction of another State or to or through an area not under the national jurisdiction of any State, provided at least two States are involved in the movement.
Definition Transfer rights refer to the owner's right to give up to new owners the right to carry out any material and legal act of alteration, destruction, alienation or abandonment.
Definition Transportation provides the physical means of carrying goods from one place to another. Storage is the process concerned with retaining and preserving the goods.
Definition Transshipment means the unloading of goods from one ship and its loading into another to complete a journey to a further destination, even when the cargo may have to remain ashore some time before its onward journey.
Definition Refers to any food product that has undergone specific processes or treatments to enhance its safety, shelf life, nutritional value, or sensory qualities. These treatments are designed to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses, prevent spoilage, and improve the overall quality of the food.
Definition "Urban" agriculture refers to small areas (e.g. vacant plots, gardens, verges, balconies, containers) within the city for growing crops and raising small livestock or milk cows for own-consumption or sale in neighborhood markets. "Peri-urban" agriculture refers to farm units close to town which operate intensive semi- or fully commercial farms to grow vegetables and other horticulture, raise chickens and other livestock, and produce milk and eggs.
Definition Refers to the areas within a city or urbanized area that are used for human settlements, infrastructure, and various types of development. It encompasses the built-up areas of a city, including residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional zones, as well as transportation networks, parks, and other public spaces.
Definition The immunisation of susceptible animals through the administration of a vaccine comprising antigens appropriate to the disease to be controlled.
Definition A vegetable is the edible portion of a plant. Vegetables are usually grouped according to the portion of the plant that is eaten such as leaves (lettuce), stem (celery), roots (carrot), tubers (potato), bulbs (onion) and flowers (broccoli). Legumes are the fruit or seed of plants of the legume family (such as peas or beans) used for food.
Definition Rights belonging to a person as a property interest which cannot be impaired or taken away (as through retroactive legislation) without the consent of the owner. Including acquired rights, established rights, customary rights, community rights.
Definition Any substance applied or administered to any food-producing animal, such as meat- or milk-producing animals, poultry, fish or bees, whether used for therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic purposes or for modification of physiological functions or behaviour.
Definition Refers to waste comprising of rubbish that originates from dwellings and private households. It may contain a significant amount of toxic or hazardous waste from improperly discarded pesticides, paints, batteries, and cleaners. Domestic waste may also refer to waste from other sources, where such waste is similar in nature and composition to waste from households.
Definition The collection, transport, recovery (including sorting), and disposal of waste, including the supervision of such operations and the after-care of disposal sites.
Definition Solid waste, semi-solid waste or wastewater discarded from industrial, commercial, mining or agricultural operations. Includes the runoff from areas that received pollutants associated with industrial or commercial storage, handling, or processing.
Definition Measures and practices aimed to reduce: (a) the quantity of waste, including the re-use of products or the extension of the life span of products; (b) the adverse impacts of the generated waste on the environment and human health; or (c) the content of hazardous substances in materials and products.
Definition Refers to the payments that a beneficiary makes for a water service (domestic supply, irrigation, etc.). The action of establishing the price, or tariff, on the basis of which water charges are calculated is often referred to as water pricing but is clearly very different from the formal economic ‘pricing’ of water as a natural resource, where the notion of shadow pricing applies.
Definition A water conservation zone is an area designated for the purpose of conserving and protecting water resources. It is typically an area where specific measures and regulations are implemented to manage and preserve water quantity and quality. The primary goal of a water conservation zone is to ensure sustainable water management practices to meet the needs of both human and ecological systems. These zones are often established in regions facing water scarcity, areas with fragile ecosystems, or locations where water resources are at risk due to overuse or pollution.
Definition A process of removing salt and other impurities from seawater or brackish water to produce freshwater suitable for various uses, including drinking, agriculture, and industrial applications.
Definition Guidelines or regulations that define the acceptable limits for various physical, chemical, and biological parameters in water bodies established to protect human health and the environment.
Definition Legally recognized entitlements for allocating and regulating water use, granting individuals, organizations, or governments permission to use, access, or manage water.
Definition Water shortage refers to a situation where the demand for water exceeds the available supply. This can happen due to various reasons, including population growth, increased water usage, inefficient water management practices, or reduced water availability due to natural or man-made factors. Drought is an extended period of abnormally low precipitation, resulting in a water deficiency in an area. Human activities can exacerbate and contribute to the severity and duration of drought conditions.
Definition Supply of water for domestic, commercial, thermoelectric power, industrial, public water uses (fountains, fire hydrants, field delivery point, etc.).
Definition Water Users' Associations (WUAs) are organizations that bring together water users, such as farmers, agricultural communities, or industrial users, to collectively manage and govern water resources. WUAs are typically established at the local or regional level and play a crucial role in water resource management, allocation, and distribution.
Definition Refer to a manmade structure that serves the purpose of diverting, restricting, stopping, or otherwise controlling the natural flow of water.
Definition A well can refer to a hole or excavation in the ground that is specifically dug or drilled to access groundwater. Boreholes are narrow, deep holes that are drilled or bored into the ground to access subsurface resources or obtain geological information. They are commonly used in various fields, including geology, hydrogeology, mining, construction, and environmental sciences.
Definition Areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters.
Definition Products derived from any readily recognizable part or derivative of a wild species, such as elephant ivory, tiger products, corals, bushmeat.
