ANNEX 1. TECHNICAL AND COST DETAILS

1. Indicative capital costs

Table A1-1: Scale of capital assets required for various MCS activities

Fishery		Indicative level per unit
Type	Unit size	Asset	No. and size	Shore inspectors
Artisanal	100 canoes	Inshore vessel Community agent	0.25 x 7-10 m	1 2
Artisanal	100 motorized	Inshore vessel	0.5 x 10 m	2
Semi-industrial	100 (10-20m)	Coastal vessel	0.25 x 20 m	1-2
Coastal industrial	100 (20-35m)	Coastal vessel Small aircraft	1 x 20-25 m 1 x 2-4 patrols/week	10-15
Offshore industrial/foreign fleet	100 (25-50 m+)	Offshore vessel Small aircraft Observers VMS	1 1 x 2-5 patrols/week 0.25-2 per vessel 1 per vessel	10-15 50-200

Source: SADC MCS Feasibility study

Item	Description	Cost US$	Reference
Offices and office equipment
HQ building	Regional surveillance office	60 000	Gambia
Field office		20 000
Village ‘office’	Local materials with tin roof	700-2000	E. Africa
Solar panels for radio		1 000
Diesel generator		2,000
Photocopier		1 500-5 000
Computer with printer and software		2 500
Fax machine		200-300
Mobile telephone		30-150
Vessels and vehicles
Military patrol vessel	New, EU built 50 metres	25 million	Ireland
Modified fishing vessel	Cost of modifications 1.5 million	2 million	Angola
Offshore patrol vessel	25-32m estimate FISHCODE project	5 million	SE Asia
Inshore patrol vessel	18-20m estimate FISHCODE project	500 000	SE Asia
Coastal/inland	6-8m GRP with trailer	10 000	SE Asia
RIB semi-rigid with trailer	9m, 2 x 100 hp radar, radio, GPS, armed,	30 000	S. Leone
4 Wheel-drive	Toyota pick-up, Land rover	25-35 000	West Africa
City vehicle	4-door, 1,200 cc	10-12 000	E. Africa
Motorcycle	50-175 hp	1 000-2 500	E. Africa
Bicycle	Imported	100-150	East Africa
Local wooden boat		200-600	E. Africa
Local canoe		75-120	E. Africa
Aircraft: see separate table
Electrical/communications equipment
Radio	VHF	250-600	EU
Radio	SSB/HF radio	290
Radar	10” LCD - 15” LCD/TFT	3 200-6 000	EU
Telephone	installation cost	20-150
Cell phones	various local range	20-120	S. Africa
Wakie-talkie		100-150
GPS	hand-held	100-600	EU
EPIRB	Tron 45S	600
Digital camera	pocket	500-900
Digital SLR camera	SLR for aircraft w/GPS attachment	5-6 000	West Africa
Video camera	700-1400
RIB tracking system		254 000	EU
Electronic chart system		381 000	EU
Night ID equipment	Airborne infrared lights and camera	317 000	EU
Miscellaneous equipment
Charts	marine	20-50	EU
Scales	hand held	10-20	EU
Calculator	pocket	5-20	EU
Fish measuring board		15-30	SE Asia
Net gauge	brass	40-75	SE Asia
Binoculars		200-300	SE Asia
Binoculars with night vision		1 700	SE Asia
Loud hailer		100	EU
Uniforms		40-80	W. Africa
Life jackets		25-50	SE Asia
Survival suits		200-300	EU
All weather clothing (waterproof)	Waterproof pants/jacket	200	EU
Waterproof flashlights		30	SE Asia
Floodlights for patrol boat		400	SE Asia
Destructive fishing detection	Laboratory and equipment	300 000	Philippines

2. Technical descriptions of selected capital assets

Table A1-3: Technical description and cost of long-range maritime patrol aircraft

Manufacturer/ aircraft	CASA/CN 235	Lockheed Martin/P3-Orion
Engines	2 x GE CT7-9C delivering 1 750 SHP each
Speed	Cruise 220 knots, patrol 180 knots	Cruise 378 mph (610 km/h). Patrol 473 mph (760 km/h)
Maximum take-off weight	15 800 kg	Empty Weight: 61 491 lb. (27 890 kg)
Maximum altitude	25 000 ft	28 300 ft. (8,630m)
Maximum endurance	10 hrs	4 765 miles (7 670 km)
Radar systems	Litton V5 360° scan with Tactical Data Management System
Radar specs.	150 nm at 15 000 ft; 47 nm at 1 500 ft; 25 nm at 200 ft.
Communications	HF and Data Link (under review)
Cameras	Infra-red; Agi flight (still) camera linked to GPS
Data base	Lap-top with land updated information
Crew (6)	Captain and co-pilot; radar operator and assistant; photographer, observer
Cost (1994)	US$21.5 million

Table A1-4: Indicative costs of patrol aircraft (US$)

Aircraft type	Key characteristics	Capital cost (million US$)	Operating costs/yr (million US$)	Per air hour (US$)
Cessna 412		2	0.5	400-800
BN Islander		2		700-1 000
Twin Otter				1 000
Dornier 228-212	Operational speed: 290 km/h Service ceiling: 20 700 ft (6 300m).Range: 667 n miles (1 235 km).	5	2	1 200
Beech craft	King Air turbo	6.2		1 400
CASA CN 235	see above	21.5		2 000- 3 000
P3 Orion	Long range			3 000
HC-130 Hercules	Standardized hourly operating costs			7 497
HU-25 Guardian	of Coast Guard aircraft			5 418
HH-60 Jay hawk	in USA			6 235
HH-65 Dolphin				3 910

Box 2. Specification for the inshore patrol vessels supplied to Yemen

Unit cost delivered to Yemen: US$48 500 Supplied by: Government of Japan Construction: GRP single skin sandwich with wheelhouse and passenger seating. Rubber D-fenders and stainless rails. Rubberized matting floor Length overall: 10.12 metres. Beam(breath): 3.20 metres. Depth at midships: 1.75 metres Gross tonnage: 18 tons approx. Complies with international classification Engines: 2 x outboard 200 hp (5500 rpm) Cruising range: 130n.miles approx. Speed fully loaded (fuel, water and 17 persons): 26 knots Fuel (gasoline): 800 litres. Water: 200 lit approx. Passengers: Crew 2 & seating for 15 persons Electrical fittings: Generator AC 220v x 50 Hz, DC 12v x 10A SSB radio telephone 150w Furuno FS1502, VHF radio telephone 25w Furuno FM 25100 GPS Furuno GP8000. Depth sounder FCV 561 Mark II. Magnetic compass. Marine Radar 36 Electric horn/siren, search light, flashing light and navigation lights Other fittings: Life raft, life jackets, first aid kit, life buoy, fire extinguisher, mooring ropes, Dan forth anchor, service manuals

3. Selected recurrent costs and budgets

Table A1-5: Breakdown of operating costs of the Fisheries Patrol Vessel N’Madi (Mauritania) in 1995

Item	No. units	US$’000	%	%
Personnel		78 908	7.5	100
Senior officers salaries	2	6 277		8
Junior officers salaries	15	34 615		44
Seamen salaries	8	11 077		14
Uniforms (officers)	34	22 754
Uniforms (seamen)	16	4 185
Operating costs		360 469	34.5	100
Diesel fuel	1	144 377		40
Oil	1	36 354		10
Petrol	1	11 085		3
Water	1	3 546		1
Food	1	43 792		12
Maintenance items	1	6 331		2
Minor (in-house) repairs	1	50 738		14
Miscellaneous	1	64 246		18
External (major) repair/maintenance	1	553 846	53.0
Insurance	1	51 923	5.0
Total (excluding depreciation)		1 045 146	100.0

Table A1-6: MCS staff salaries in Namibia 2001 (US$)

Level	US$	Overtime as % total
Level 1. Control Fisheries Inspector:	10 417	19
Level 2. Chief Fisheries Inspector:	15 393	47
Level 3. Senior Fisheries Inspector:	12 230	46
Level 4. Fisheries Inspectors:	10 933	49

Table A1-7: Standardized hourly operating costs of US Coast Guard vessels

Sea patrol vessel type	US$/hour
378’ High Endurance Cutter (WHEC)	5 464
270’ Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC)	3 275
210’ Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC)	2 839
82 - 110’ Patrol Boats (WPB)	1 015

The estimated cost per boarding is in the order of US$15 000 (depending on the size of the patrol vessel). Using this value and based on IDA estimates the marginal cost of deterrence by boarding is in the order of US$65 000, i.e., 1 fewer violation per 4.6 boardings.

Malaysia’s MCS system. Malaysia has a well-developed MCS system with 85 patrol vessels of various types and sizes[54], 1,152 MCS staff including boat crews with (approximately 280 being in the officer/management category), and a computerized fisheries licensing system (on-line in the states and districts and once/24 hr download to HQ). The fisheries administration is seeking ISO 9000 certification for the system.

Table A1-8: Malaysia’s MCS budget (RM thousands)

Operations	1997	1998	1999	2000
Staff	8 538	7 740	8 508	6 638
Operations and maintenance	4 406	1 735	2 287	2 250
Development and replacement of assets	5 502	3 495	3 021	8 385

Notes: Development includes equipment replacement. The economic situation resulted in very significant cuts in budgets, no recruitment and no maintenance and minor equipment replacement from 1997 to 2000.

Table A1-9: Breakdown of violations recorded in the FFA area by type of violation and vessel

Violating vessel	Number	Percentage	Type of violation	Number	Percentage
Longline	198	62	Illegal fishing	203	64
Purse Seine	84	26	Breach national law	30	9
Fish Carrier	14	4	Licence non-compliance	84	26
Trawler	13	4	Breach international law	2	1
Mother ship	2	1	Total violations	319	100
Supply Vessel/Bunker	4	1
Pole- and- line	1	0.3
Net Boat	2	1
Search/Light	1	0.3
Total	319	100

Note that the focus of FFA efforts is the non-domestic flag tuna fishing vessels.

	Gambia 1997	Senegal 1997
No license		12
Fishing in prohibited (artisanal) zone	11	24
Trans-shipment		0
Illegal mesh		3
Other		11
Total	11	50

Table A1-11: Violations recorded by aerial surveillance by type of violation in 1997

Type of violation	Gamb.	Guin.	G. Bis.	Maur.	Sen.	S Leo.	Total
Licensed vessel fishing in prohibited zone	9	14	4	28	2		57
No valid licence	38		78		5	4	125
Identification marks (covered/non-existent)	1	448	22			4	475
Violations as % of sightings	8%	19%	59%	9%	4%		11%

Source: AFR/010 database to Nov. 1997. Gamb = the Gambia; Guin = Guinea; G. Bis = Guinea-Bissau; Maur = Mauritania; Sen = Senegal; S. Leo = Sierra Leone.