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PATHOLOGIE DE LA NUTRITION (Continu)

TABLEAU 10 Facteurs endogènes antinutritionnels présents dans les végétaux courament utiliaés dans l'alimentation animale

Céréales   Facteurs anti-nutritionnels12345678910111213141516171819202122232425
Orge (Hordeum vulgare)xx--x--x----------------x
Kiz (Oryza sativum)xx--x--x----x-----------x
Sorgho (Sorghum bicolor)x--xx-x----------x------x
Big (Triticus vulgare)xx--x--x--x------x---x--x
Païs (Zea mays)x---x--x----------x-----x
Tubercules                         
Patate douce (Ipomoea batata)x-----------------x------
Manioc, tapioca (Manihot utilissima)x--x--------------------x
Pomme de terre (Solanum tubcrosum)xx-x---x---------xx-x----
Légumineuses                         
Crosse fève (Vicia faba)xx--x-x--------------x---
Pois chiche (Cicer arietinum)x--xx--x--x-------------x
Pois à yache ou dolique (Vigna unguiculata)xx--x-----x-------------x
Casse commune (Lathyrus sativus)x-------x----------------
Haricot commun (Phascolus vulgaris)xx-xxx----xx-----x------x
Fève à chevaux (Macrotyloma uniflorum)xx-----------------------
Dolique d'Egypte (Dolichus leblab)xx-x---------------------
Lentilles (Lens culinaris)xx---x------------------x
Haricot de Lima (Phascolus lunatus)xx-xx-x------------------
Lupin (Lupinus albus)x------------------------
Haricot Mungo, pois de Jérusalem (Phas. aureus)x---xx----x-x-----------x
Poic fourrager (Pisum sativum)xx-xxx-----x-------------
Pois pigeon ou pois cajan (Cajanus cajan)xx-xx-------------------x
Rice bean (Vigna umbellata)-x-----------------------
Haricot écarlate (Phas. coccineus)xx-----------------------
Haricot sabre (Canavalis gladiata)xx-x-x-------------------
Dolique de Floride (Stizobolium decringianuum)x--------------------x---
Pois carré (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)xx-----------------------
Pois d'Lmérique (Abrus precatorius)xx-----------------------
Caroube (Ceratonia siliqua)x-----x------------------
Haricot Cuar (Inde) (Cyamopsis psoraloides)x------------------------
Luzerne (Medicago sativa)x----x-x---x-------------
Haricot d'Angola (Phaseolus mungo)x---x--------------------
Cassie blanc (Leucacna lcucocophala)----------------------x--
Oléagineux                         
Arachide (Arachis hypogaea)xx--xx-x----------------x
Colza (Brassica campestris)x-x-x-x-----------------x
Houtarde (Brassica juncea)x-x---------x-----------x
Soja (Clycine tux)xxx-xx-x--xx-x-xx-------x
Tournesol (Helianthus annuus)x-----x------------x----x
Craincs de coton (Cossypium spp.)----x--x-x-x-----------xx
Craincs de lin (Linum usitatissimum)---x---x----x-x----------
Craincs de sésame (Sesamum indicum)----x--------------------
Choux d'Abyssinie (Cramhe abyssinica)--x----------------------

D'après des données de Kay (1979) et Liener (1980). Facteur anti-nutritionnel:
1. Inhibiteurs de protéase;
2. Phytohémagglvtinines;
3. Glucosinolates;
4. Cyanogènes;
5. Acide phytique;
6. Saponines;
7. Tannins;
8. Focteurs d'estrogène;
9. Lathyrogènes;
10. Cossypol;
11. Facteur de flatulence;
12. Facteur anti-vitaminique E;
13. Facteur anti-vitaminique B1 (Thiamine);
14. Facteur anti-vitaminique A;
15. Facteur anti-vitaminique B6 (pyridoxine);
16. Facteur anti-vitaminique D;
17. Facteur anti-vitaminique B12;
18. Inhibiteur d'amylase;
19. Inhibiteur d'invertase
20. Inhibiteur d'arginase;
21. Inhibiteur de cholinestcrase;M
22. Dihydroxyphénylalanine;
23. Himosine;
24. Acides gras cyclopropénoiques;
25. Possible contamination de mycotoxine (aflatoxine)..

Tableau 11. Principaux troubles pathologiques dus à la nutrition

AnomaliesDéséquilibre du régima alimentaire
SCOLIOSE/LORDOSEcarencetryptophane
magnesium
phosphore
vitamine C
toxicitéplomb
cadmium
vitamine A
huile de poisson oxydée
CATARACTEcarenceméthionine
tryptophane
zinc
magnesium
cuivre
sélénium
vitamine A
riboflavine
toxicitémercure
choline
huile de poisson oxydée
EROSION DES NAGEOIREScarencelysine
tryptophane
zinc
riboflavine
inositol
niacine
vitamine C
toxicitéplomb
vitamine A
INFILTRATION GRAISSEUSE DU FOIEcarencecholine
acides gras essentiels
toxicitéhuile de poisson oxydée
EXOPHTALMIEcarenceacide pantothénique
niacine
acide folique
vitamine A
vitamine E
toxicitéhuile de poisson oxydée
HEMORRAGIE DE LA PEAU ET DES NAGEOIREScarenceriboflavine
acide pantothénique
niacine
thiamine
inositol
vitamine C
vitamine A
vitamine K
toxicitéhuile de poisson oxydée

ANNEXE

Noms Scientifiques et Communs des Espèces Citées dans ce Rapport

Noms d'espècesNoms communs
Anguilla japonicaAnguille du Japon
Channa (=Ophiocephalus) punctata“Snakehead”
Cirrhina mrigala“Indian major carp”
Cyprinus carpioCarpe commune
Ictalurus punctatusPoisson chat
Labeo rohita“Rohu”
Oncorhynchus ketaSaumon Chum
Oncorhynchus kisutchSaumon Coho
Oncorhynchus nerkaSaumon Sockeye
Oncorhynchus tshawytschaSaumon Chinook
Oreochromis mossambicusTilapia du Mozambique
Oreochromis niloticusTilapia du Nil
Pagrus majorDaurade japonaise
Salmo gairdneriTruite arc-en-ciel
Salmo salarSaumon atlantique
Salvelinus fontinalisOmble de fontaine
Scophthalmus maximusTurbot
Seriola quinqueradiataSériole
Sparus auratusDaurade

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Ogino, C., 1980 Requirements of carp and rainbow trout for dietary manganese and copper. Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fish., 46:455–8

Ogino, C., F. Takashima and J.Y. Chiou, 1978 Requirement of rainbow trout for dietary magnesium. Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fish., 44:1105–8

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Ogino, C., 1979 Availability of dietary phosphorus in carp and rainbow trout. Bull.Jap.Soc. Sci.Fish., 45:1527–32

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Poston, H.A., 1964 Effect of dietary vitamin K and sulfaguanidine on blood coagulation time, microhematocrit and growth of immature brook trout. Prog.Fish-Cult., 26:59–64

Poston, H.A., 1965 Effect of dietary vitamin E on microhematocrit, mortality and growth of immature brown trout. Fish.Res.Bull.N.Y. State Conserv.Dep., (28):6–9

Poston, H.A., 1967 Effect of dietary L-ascorbic acid on immature brook trout. Fish.Res.Bull. N.Y.State Conserv.Dep., (30):46–52

Poston, H.A., 1971 Effect of excess vitamin K on the growth, coagulation time, and hematocrit values of brook trout fingerlings. Fish.Res.Bull.N.Y.State Conserv.Dep., (34):41–42

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Poston, H.A., G.F. Combs and L. Leibovitz, 1976 Vitamin E and selenium interrelations in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): gross, histological and biochemical deficiency signs. J.Nutr., 106:892–904

Poston, H.A., et al., 1977 The effect of supplemental dietary amino acids, minerals and vitamins on salmonids fed cataractogenic diets. Cornell Vet., 67:472–509

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Roch, M. and E.J. Maly, 1979 Relationship of cadmium-induced hypocalcemia with mortality in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the influence of temperature on toxicity. J.Fish.Res.Board Can., 36(11):1297–303

Rochm, J.M., et al., 1970 The effect of dietary sterculic acid on the hepatic lipids of rainbow trout. Lipids, 5:80–4

Sakaguchi, H. and A. Hamaguchi, 1969 Influence of oxidized oil and vitamin E on the culture of yellowtail. Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fish., 35:1207–14

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Sakamoto, S. and Y. Yone, 1973 Effect of dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio upon growth, feed efficiency and blood serum Ca and P. level in red sea bream. Bull.Jap.Soc. Sci.Fish., 39:343–8

Sakamoto, S., 1978 Effect of dietary phosphorus level on chemical composition of red sea bream. Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fish., 44:227–9

Sakamoto, S., 1978a Iron deficiency symptoms of carp. Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fish., 44:1157–60

Sakamoto, S., 1978b Requirement of red sea bream for dietary iron. Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fish., 44:223–5

Sakamoto, S., 1979 Availabilities of phosphorus compounds as dictary phosphorus sources for red sea bream. J.Fac.Agr., Kynshu University, 23:177–84

Sakamoto, S., 1980 A principal source of deposited lipid in phosphorus deficient red sea bream. Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fish., 46:1227–30

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Tacon, A.G.J. and M.M. Beveridge, 1982 Effects of dietary trivalent chromium on rainbow trout. Nutr.Rep.Int., 25:49–56

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Tacon, A.G.J., E.A. Stafford and C.A. Edwards, 1983 A preliminary investigation of the nutritive value of three terrestrial lumbricid worms for rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 35:187–99

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Takeuchi, T., 1982 Effects of various polyunsaturated fatty acids on growth and fatty acid compositions of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fish., 48:1745–52

Takeuchi, T., et al., 1980 Requirement of eel, Anguilla japonica for essential fatty acids. Bull.Jap.Soc.Sci.Fish., 46:345–53

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