CAPABILITIES AND NEEDS IN TRAINING AQUACULTURE FIELD WITHIN MEDRAP II MEMBER COUNTRIES (Continue)

TABLE 8

TABLE 9

TABLE 10

TABLE 11

TABLE 12

A : INIP
B : LNIV
C : GUP
D:GATL
E:UA are institutions of Portugal
W : Week
F : few
IL : unlimited

AQUACULTURE TRAINING NEEDS AND CAPABILITIES IN PORTUGAL

BY

MARIA TERESA DINIS

M E D R A P

TRAINING SUB-NETWORK

TRAINING IN AQUACULTURE

Aquaculture training needs in Portugal

Maria Teresa DINIS

Universidade do Algarve
Unidade de Ciências e Tecnologias dos Recursos Aquáticos
Campus de Gambelas
8000 Faro
PORTUGAL

AQUACULTURE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS IN PORTUGAL

SECONDARY LEVEL

• FORPESCAS
  Technicians

  Specific courses in Training in Fisheries and Aquaculture
  Duration: 2 years

• ESCOLAS DE FORMAÇÃO PROFESSIONAL
  Technicians

  General courses which includes some disciplines on the aquaculture area
  Duration: 2 years

• FSE/CEE
  Technicians

  Intensive courses on Aquaculture supported by private enterprises with EC funds
  Duration: 4 to 8 weeks with a final stay on a private enterprise

• UNINOVA
  High level Technicians

  Intensive courses on aquaculture
  Duration: 3 months

UNIVERSITY LEVEL

• UNIVERSITY OF LISBON/ Faculdade de Ciências
  Graduate

  Natural resources and General Biology
  Duration: 4 years

• UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA/ Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
  Graduate

  Environmental Engineering
  Duration: 5 Years

• UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO
  Graduate

  General Resources
  Duration: 4 Years

• UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA / Faculdade de Ciências
  Graduate

  Biology
  Duration: 5 Years

• UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO

  Institute de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar
  Graduate

  Aquatic Sciences
  Duration: 4 Years

  Faculdade de Ciências
  Graduates

  Biology
  Duration: 4 Years

• UNIVERSIDADE TÉCHICA DE LISBOA/ Instituto Superior de Agronomia
  Graduate

  Agriculture Engineering and fresh water aquaculture
  Duration: 4 Years

• INSTITUTTO POLITÉCNICO DE BEJA
  Graduate (BSc.)

  Zootechnic Production
  Duration: 3 Years

• UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE
  Graduate and postgraduate (Msc. course)

  Marine Biology and Fisheries
  Duration: 4 Years with special branch in aquaculture

Among the Universities which gives some general teaching in Aquaculture as an annual course, only the University of Algarve gives a 2 Years course in Aquaculture on Production systems and aquaculture technology.

The Master Degree on Coastal Management at the University of Algarve gives a special branch on Aquaculture

AQUACULTURE NEEDS

The total number of fishfarms in Portugal are 218 from which only 113 are operating and of these 32% are on their second or third Year of production (GEPP, 1992).

More than 50% of the occupied area by these farms are working under extensive methods with low technology and with employees without specific formation in aquaculture. However more and more the investitors are looking for better prepared employees due to the special needs of the business.

Taken into account these informations, we may purpose for Portugal the followings needs:

FACILITIES

Most of the Secondary Courses for technicians have a final stay on a private firm or even on facilities belonging to research institutions. This is the case of the FORPESCAS Courses which gives a practical training on the National Institute of Fisheries facilities and also on private enterprises within agreement protocols.

At the university level, the University of Algarve and Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa degree includes a final report on a research or practical theme. This report has also an oral presentation and a discussion with a jury. At the Institute de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar the final report is volunteer.

The Masters degree at Algarve has the English Composition of this type of graduation, one year teaching and on year project.
This University has under construction a “Marine Science Centre” (CCMAR), a research Centre also for aquaculture of Mediterranean species.

SPECIES

The northern research institutions had been devoted till recently to the freshwater species, due to the climate of the regions where trout and salmon and been produced. Nowadays the turbot is already under research and teaching projects.

The University of Algarve since its foundation had been developing competence on marine species such as seabream, seabass, sole, clams and prawns. And the teaching and training courses most of the work is done on these these Species.

POTENTIALITIES IN MOROCO FOR AQUACULTURE TRAINING

BY

M. SYED SHAFFEE

1. INTRODUCTION

Morocco has two coastline, one along the Atlantic ocean (3000 km long) and other along the Mediterranean sea (500 km long). The exclusive Economic Zone (EER) extends up to 200 nautical miles from the shore. The “upwelling” cold water along the south Atlantic coast adds to the richness of fishery resources. Along the coast lines there are several backwater ecosystems such as bays, estuaries and lagoons, their water surfaces varying from 3 to 300 km². According to the statistics available from the Ministry of Fisheries, the annual fish catch was 550 thousands tons for the Year 1988. This statistics does not include artisanal fisheries practiced around the coastlines and coastal backwaters without using any mechanised gear. Local fish consumption is not very high (8.4 kg per capita) and 32% of the total catch is exported either fresh or transformed products. Nearly one hundred thousands people are directly or indirectly employed in fisheries.

Apart from sea water resources, Morocco also possesses many thousands ha of fresh water in the form of rivers, natural lakes and dam waters. Sporting as well as artisanal fisheries (eels, trouts and carps) are practiced in these water bodies.

2. AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MOROCCO

Fish culture works can be traced back to 1924 when the local government created a fish culture station in Azrou for culturing freshwater fishes such as trouts (for sport fishing) and carps (for sanitary purpose). Private investment in aquaculture, also, started as early as 1926 in coastal waters (lagoons and estuaries) to fatten the imported oysters before marketing them locally.

At present, on the Atlantic coast, there are four private companies producing nearly 250 tons of pacific oysters annually, using traditionally rearing techniques. On the Mediterranean coast, there are two companies which are practicing aquaculture at large scales (multimillion dollars projects). One of the companies (MAROST) is producing fishes (sea Lass and sea bream). Prawns (Penaeus japonicus) and mollusks (oysters, clams). The youngs are artificially produced using modern hatchery and nursery techniques. The total production of this company was 400 tons during the year 1990. Nearly 250 people are permenantly employed here and among them 30 people are exports and technicians. The other company has recently built field tanks covering nearly 100 ha. Intensive culture of fishes and prawns is practiced in these tanks.

Freshwater fish culture has also been practiced by several private companies. A large scale intensive culture of trouts ion the Azrou region(Ain Argbal) is being practiced since 1990 using modern techniques and processing units. Small Scale culture of carps is also practiced by some fish farmers.

As the Moroccan climate is suitable for faster growth and higher survival rates, as the geographical situation of Morocco renders easy marketing services in the nearby European countries and as the highly solicited fish products can easily be cultured in the Moroccan environment, many other sites on both coastlines are being considered by many other private investors. Further development of offshore and inshore aquaculture is expected in the near future.

3. AQUACULTURE TRAINING IN MOROCCO

a) Present status: The only Institution that deals with aquaculture education in Morocco is the Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II (IAV Hassan II), Rabat. Aquaculture training forms a part of its graduate (Ingénieur d'Etat) or under graduate (Ingénieur d'application) programme on fishery science. All the students receive 30 hrs of lecture in aquaculture and make 8 days visits to different aquaculture enterprises. Those who want to specialise in aquaculture during their final year of their academic career, will start with 3 months training in one of the above mentioned aquaculture companies and then continue their thesis works (6 months to one year field work) on aquaculture.

To date, IAV Hassan II has produced 43 graduates and 87 undergraduates in Fishery science of which 7 and 13 respectively were specialised in aquaculture. More than 50 % of these graduates specialised in aquaculture are employed in the aquaculture field, either private or public.

b) Needs for further development: Morocco does not possesses a specialised programme for technicians or workers in the field of aquaculture. Most of the companies that develop aquaculture locally are interested to recruit either specialised workers or techniques rather than specialised graduates. More over the existing graduate programme in Morocco needs to be strengthened by adding teaching experts in Aquaculture Engineering and Aquaculture Genetics. The Existing expertise on Fishery Economics and Marine Environmental Science may be trained to specialise in Aquaculture Economics and Biotoxicology in Aquaculture respectively. These subject may be of great importance to aquaculture training programmes.

c) Capabilities for further development: IAV Hassan II and Institut Scientific des Pêches Maritimes (ISPM). Casablanca have mutual cooperative programmes for training, research and development in the field of aquaculture. Both these institutions collaborates with the existing private enterprises in Morocco. Many of the graduates students from the IAV Hassan II are making either short term (1 to 3 months) or long term (one year) training courses in companies such as MAROST, Station de Pisciculture of Ain Argbal and Oyster culture company N0. 7 of Oualidia. The other private companies are also interested to collaborate with these two institutions for training students.

Starting from 1995, under the mutual collaboration between ISPM and Japanese government, a large and modern Aquaculture Training Centre (2 million dollars project) will be functioning on the Atlantic coast (Moulay Bousselham and Larache). A finalised contract between the two government authorities has been signed in November 1992 regarding this aspect. Theoretical as well as practical classes for the trainees may be accomplished there.

CONCLUSION

1. Morocco has rich potentialities for the development of aquaculture both in mariculture and in continental fish culture. Two large scale and 4 small scale industries (private) are noteworthy for mariculture operations, and one large scale and three small scale firms can be identified as freshwater aquaculture companies. Further investment in aquaculture is on progress.

2. IAV Hassan II is producing graduates in Fishery science and some of them are specialised in aquaculture.

3. Morocco needs specialised technicians or workers in aquaculture; at present it does not have any special programmes for such training.

4. This training programme can very well be envisaged in Morocco as IAV Hassan II and ISPM are in collaboration with all the existing private enterprises.

5. The IAV Hassan ii and the ISPM possess all the infrastructure necessary for teaching and indoor research as they already wide experience in training graduates and undergraduates.

6. The scheduled creation of a new Aquaculture Training Institute in 1995, with the help of the Japanese government will facilitate these training programmes.

7. Expertise may be necessary in the field of Aquaculture Engineering and Aquaculture Genetics. Local experts may needs special training in Aquaculture Economics and Biotoxicology in Aquaculture.

PROFESSIONAL AQUACULTURE TRAINING IN TUNISIA

BY

OTHMAN ZOGHLAMI

En Tunisie, l'aquaculture est devenue une nouvelle filière de développement du secteur de la pêche. Les limites de son développement sont en train d'étre levées par la maitrise progressive des connaissances scientifiques, techniques et pratiques. Ce qui permettra de répondre aux besoins pressants de la profession qui se font sentir de plus en plus ces dernières annees en techniciens mieux qualifies.

Pour ce faire un enseignement professionnel approprie a eté introduit dans l'enseignement des pêches, et ce à partir de 1983 an Centre de Formation Professionnelle des Péches de Monastir.

Actuellement l'enseignement dispensé est orientévers la formation pratique et théorique des ouvriers spécialisés en aquaculture.

Grâce à cette formation de nombreux ouvriers ont été formés et introduits dans le secteur privé.

1. DISPONIBILITE DU CENTRE POUR LA FORMATION:

Le centre de Formation Professionnelle des Pêches de Monastir est un établissement public écaractére administratif ayant une gestion II constitue la seule institution pourvue dans son ensemble enpossibilités de formation professionnelle, pouvant former deux niveaux de compétence, qui sont les ouvriers sont ouvriers spécialisés et les techniciens aquacoles.

Le premier consiste à dispenseaux jeunes recrus ayant au moins accomplis 3 ans de l'enseignement secondaire, une formation pratique et technique, portant sur des tâches et des activités directement utiles à exercice du métier

Le deuxième consiste a apporter aux recrus, ayant au moins accomplis cinq ans de I'enseignement secondaire, une formation pratique, technique et scientifique leur permettant de realiser des activités communes a plusieurs tàches et à plusieurs situations. II porte, entre autres sur la compréhension de principes technologiques ou scientifiques liés au métier.

La durée des programmes dispensés varie le niveau voule et les modules nécessaires pour atteindre ce niveau.

Elle est de 480 à 600 heures / an pour le le ler niveau, et de 1000 à 1200 heures / an pour le 2è niveau , suivi d'un stage de 2 mois dans une ferme d'élevage aquacole.

Les programmes de formation s'inscrivent dans les orientations retenues par le gouvernement tunisien concernant la formation professionnelle et secondaire. Il sont definis suivant un cadre d'élaboration tenant compte des principales exigences des milieux de travail et de l'éducation.

La capacitè de formation du Centre est estimée à 25 élèves / an.

Le système de formation en aquaculture dans le centre permet également de recevoir un nombre de stagiaires variant de 10 à 15/an (Techniciens ou Ouvriers spécialisés) appartenant aux autres pays membres du réseau.

Des programmes spéciaux et adaptés peuvent être dispensés aux stagiaires tenant compte des particularités du groupe et de la nature du travail qu'ils envisagent d'accomplir.

2. LIMITES STRUCTURES, TECHNIQUES ET SCIENTIFIQUE DU SECTEUR DE LA FORMATION EN AQUACULTURE:

Toutes les spécialités sont dispensées avec satisfaction au Centre de Monastir II dispose d'un appui logistique suffisant formé par le Centre National d'Aquaculture de Monastir (Centre de Recherche) qui facilite aux éléves et éventuellement aux stagiaires l'exercice des séances pratiques et techniques prévues par le programme d'enseignement sous la direction des chercheurs et des techniciens spécialisés de ce Centre.

3. RAPPORTS ENTRE LE SECTEUR PUBLIC ET LE SECTEUR PRIVE :

II n'existe aucan lien juridique ou financier entre les structure publiques et les structures privees. Le seul rapport entre les deux se limite à l'organisation des stages dans les sites d'exploitation prives au profit des èlèves pour leur permettre une meilleures intégration à la vie professionnelle et un approfondissement des savoirs professionnels.

ON THE AQUACULTURE TRAINING IN EGYPT

BY

M. ABDERRAHMAN EL SAFTY

REPORT
ABOUT THE AQUACULTURE TRAINING IN ARAB
REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

Updating the developing of Aquaculture in Egypt needs to consider human resources in regard to training, extension and practical programs. This is due to the fact that the ability of performance is known to be the only element of production that can not be brought or stored and cannot be replaced. As a result, the systems of training and extension should be considered in Egypt in order to develop its human resources working in aquaculture to achieve higher qtandards of living and strenghth …

And here is the status of Aquaculture Training in Egypt :

• The availability of the existing training institutions to receive probationers and to train technicians from other member countries:

  1. APPASA AQUACULTURE CENTRE :

     Its function is to make researches in aquaculture, and to held training programs in aquaculture for graduates and technitions. It has a capacity for 20 – 30 trainees in every training programs. In this centre several training programs have been organised in aquaculture for some foreign countries of the mediterranean, Arab and African countries.

  2. THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ACEANOGRAPHY AND FISHERIES:

     It is an academic institution. It has a staff of post graduates that obtain Ph.Ds and M.Sc. in their speciality. In this institute they held some academic training programs in aquaculture for Egyptian trainees. Also, there are organized training programs in aquaculture, for some foreign counties of the mediterranean, Arab and African countries in the same institute. It has a capacity for 30 trainees in every program.

  3. There are three specialized secondary schools in Egypt … “Alexandria, Damietta and Suez”. The study in these schools “3” years to ebtain a certificate in “fisheries and aquaculture”. In these schools there is some training programs in aquaculture for technicians from Arab, Mediterranean and African countries. The capacity of every school is “30” trainees in every course.

  4. In the General Authority fof Fish Resources Development there is some aquaculture technical training programs in the field for the trainees from foreign countries. The capacity of every training course is “10” trainees.

• The chronic insufficiancies and the structural technical and scientific limits of the aquaculture training sector :

  -   We have the modern scientific equipment in our centres and our research institutions but we have lack of Audio visual aids for training programs.

• The existing linkage between private and public sectors in training field (logistic, financial and tichnical assistance …etc) :

  -   The General Authority for Fish Resources Development provide an extension services for the people in aquaculture both private and public, core over, its concern is to educate them, to get them acquainted with the up - to - date aquaculture technology from all over the world.

  -   These technical assistance are provided without any fees or charges.

My best wishes for all my collegues.

Note : We will not be charge for instructors and lecturers expenses.

TRAINING POSSIBILITIES AND NEEDS IN CROATIA

BY

IVAN KATAVIC

MEDRAP II SEMINAR ON AQUACULTURE TRAINING SUB - NETWORK CROATIAN REPORT

The training possibilities that Croatia could offer are as follows:

-   Short in job training (2 3 weeks). Each application for training is considered at the Government level after previous arrangement with the respective institutions.

-   Academic in job training for the students and young scientists several months to 1 year.

-   In job training at the commercial fish farms (including private one) arranged on personal exchange basis.

-   University graduates at the Faculty for Fisheries and Aquaculture in Split, Croatia.

The topics on which training is required at this level of marine aquaculture development in Croatia is needed refer mainly to the following:

-   Aquaculture planning, legislative aspects, economic and social aspects.

-   Farm management.

-   Environmental aspect of aquaculture including environmental impact studies.

-   Technological aquaculture disciplines such as feed and hatchery technology, nutrition and pathology.

FURTHER INFORMATION ON AQUACULTURE IN TURKEY

BY

GAGLAR MEMISOUGLU

TURKIYE REPORT

There is no institution to train the technicians from other member countries on aquaculture field in Türkiye. We have three Research Instituties Although their main aims are not training, especially the Institute located in Bodrum is related to aquaculture and sometimes trains the technicians of Ministry to inform them about the recent developments in sector.

On the otherhand, the students of related Universities do their practical trainings in short periods in the mentioned Institute. The level of this training is very low, because the Institute are not eligible to offer adequate technical and scientific structure. However, with the completion of the Hatchery plant at the end of 1992, the possibility of offering technical and scientific training to the national and foreign technicians will be accomplished. The same situation is valid for Hatchery plant in Beymelek Lagoon Antalya which was newly completed.

Owing to the aquaculture sector is rather new in Türkiye, the relationship in training between the Government and the private sector is not at the preferred level. However, the both side are willing to develope this cooperation.

AQUACULTURE TRAINING NEEDS IN ALBANIA

BY

ALEXANDER FLLOKO

ALBANIAN REPORT

There is no major activity in aquaculture at all, especially in marine aquaculture. We have developed only extensive marine aquaculture in coastal Lagoons.

The educational system in Albania provide only some basic knowledges at the Biology and Veterinary Faculties.

We are interested to change ther kinds of fish in our fishfarms intomarine fish in coastal areas.

THE REQUIRED NEEDS :

1. Training courses in the field of sea bass and sea bream. Production.

2. Training courses in the field of shrimp-production.

3. Training courses in the field of fish-breeding in fresh water.

4. Training courses in the field of fish nutrition.

5. Training courses in the field of sea-fish production in cages.

6. Fish pathologies and disease management.

AQUACULTURE TRAINING NEEDS AND CAPABILITIES IN CYPRUS

BY

STEPHANOU DAPHNEE

MEDRAP II Seminar on Aquaculture Training Subnetwork Cyprus Report

In Cyprus does not exist any special institute providing training in aquaculture. In job short training (2–3 weeks) could be provided at the Government Research Aquaculture Stations after previous arrangements with the Government. Each application for training is examined on its own merits.

At the Meneou Experimental Marine Aquaculture Station in job training could be arranged mainly on hatchery techniques and management as well as on fish fattening at landbased installations. The Kalopanayiotis Experimental Freshwater Aquaculture Station could offer injob training on hatchery-fattening of trout.

Injob training on mainly marine fish hatchery and fattening aspects could possibly be arranged at the commercial hatcheries and fish farms on personnel exchange basis. Such type of training could be provided after direct contact between the interest parties. It is anticipated that such activity could also be the outcome of closer cooperation links between the producers, if and when established and be more practically oriented.

The topics on which training is required at this stage of aquaculture development in Cyprus refer mainly to the following:

1. Environmental impact monitoring, fish pathology, nutrition.

2. Technology (including biotechnology) of offshore cages, farm management.

3. Planning of aquaculture development, legislative aspects economic aspects as well as evaluation of environmental impact studies.

The department of Fisheries will act as the focal point for any matter referring to training on aquaculture. Cyprus is interested in securing training of trainers (higher level) as well as at the level of technicians i.e. middle level who are employed in private fish farms. So Cypriots from both the competent government departments (Fisheries Department and veterinary Services Department) and the private sector (fish farm managers) participated in the workshops and seminars organized by MEDRAP II. A group of 12 technicians employed by Government and the private sector as well as prospective fish farmers participated in a training course on various aspects of aquaculture which was organized by the Greek Fisheries Service at Phodos island.

As regards the provision of training, arrangements are underway for the training of 4 Egyptian scientists on marine aquaculture aspects. The training is expected to be ad-hoc and be provided as injob training at the Meneou Experimental Marine Aquaculture Station.

ON THE FISH POSITION IN SYRIA

BY

AWAD SHEBAT

A REPORT ON FISH-POSITION IN SYRIA

The Syrian Arab Republic is very interested in breeding aquacultures since a long time and exerts great efforts to insert new kinds of fish and selecting some of fish by the way of crossbreeding.

The General Establishment for fisheries is considered the only one which is responsible of all activities concerning fish breeding and aquatic plants in Syria, and the main jobs of it are :

1. In the field of Sea-fish catching.

2. In the field of fish-breeding in fresh and cold water.

THE REQUIRED NEEDS :

1. Training Courses in the field of Shrimp-Production.

2. =                   =     =     =   =   = inbreeding Sea-fish in cages.

3. Training Courses in the field of Prevention of fish diseases.

4. Training Courses in the field of fish-Nutrition.

5. Training Courses in the field of Sea-fishing.

But concerning MEDRAP project activities, some of specialists from Syria were sent to attend short training seminars and paying visits.

I have the pleasure to be among you, thanks to United Nations Commission which gave me this opportunity to attend this Symposium (Seminar).

AQUACULTURE TRAINING NEEDS IN LEBANON

BY

KOUYOUMJIAN HRATCH

LEBANON REPORT

There is no major activity in aquaculture in Lebanon as yet. However, measures are being taken to develop a mariculture pilot station and rehabilate the existing trout hatchery and farm.

UNDP assistance is solicited.

Training could not be offered as there is no local experience and specialised facilities. Related academic training in marine sciences could be offered in local universities.

In the National Emergency Recovery plan, which will be implemented during the next three years, priority has been given to the rehabilitation, equipment and functionning of the Marine Science Centre in Batroun.

This is expected to fill an important vacuom together with the Marine Research Centre of NCSR.

In this respects, there is collaboration with the council for Development and Reconstruction and the Ministry of Agriculture.

As regards needs these are as follows:

15 in production

  6 in Research

  5 in Administration

Needs take into consideration all levels: technicians, junior, scientists and senior scientists.

Marketing is a special need for Lebanon assuming action in the development of the pilot station crystallises.