Aquaculture for Local Community Development and Utilization of Small Water Bodies in Southern Africa Joint evaluation by recipient countries, donor governments and FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome 1996 Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Evaluation Team could not have successfully accomplished its Mission without the assistance of all resource persons interviewed and the support of many others. The Mission expresses its gratitude to all.

In particular, the Mission acknowledges the precious assistance of the following:

• Government authorities of the five countries visited who extended a warm welcome and all support possible;
• FAO Representatives of Malawi and Zimbabwe who provided the Mission with all assistance needed and shared their knowledge;
• ALCOM Headquarters and field staff for their invaluable help not only in terms of logistics but also with all relevant information. The Resources Book containing all background information about ALCOM Programme was most valuable.

Particular thanks are due

• to our driver, socio-economist Henrik Nilsson who safely and efficiently guided us through three countries and numerous field visits;
• to ALCOM secretaries Julie Adonis and Orlean Chimbewa who diligently and professionally solved our logistical and report production problems; and finally
• to drivers, Gilbert Chimbadzwa and Charles Lasimu who safely drove us through Zimbabwe and Harare at all hours.

Table of Contents

1.  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.  INTRODUCTION

2.1  MAP OF SADC REGION AND LOCATIONS OF MAIN ALCOM ACTIVITIES

3.  BACKGROUND

3.1  AQUACULTURE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

3.1.1  Inland aquaculture

3.1.2  Marine and brackishwater aquaculture

3.2  CULTURE-BASED RESERVOIR FISHERIES

3.3  AQUACULTURE INSTITUTIONS IN SADC REGION

3.4  SOCIAL SETTING IN SADC REGION

3.5  ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

3.6  NATIONAL POLICIES FOR AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT

3.7  REGIONAL POLICIES FOR AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT

3.7.1  SADC and its overall organisation

3.7.2  SADC Fisheries Sub-Sector Policy

3.7.3  The SADC Inland Fisheries Sub-Sector

3.8  DONOR POLICIES AND SUPPORT TO THE AQUACULTURE SECTOR

3.8.1  SADC Fisheries Development Programme

3.8.2  Donor policies and support

3.9  COMPLEMENTARY PROGRAMMES

3.9.1  ICLARM Africa Aquaculture Project

3.9.2  FARMESA Programme

3.9.3  Regional Remote Sensing Project

3.9.4  Food Security Database Project

3.9.5  United Nations Development Programme

3.9.6  Hydrological Cycle Observation System

3.9.7  European Commission - SADC/Zimbabwe

3.9.8  ALCOM Programme

4.  ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN

4.1  JUSTIFICATION

4.2  OBJECTIVES

4.2.1  Validity of the objectives

4.3  PROJECT DESIGN

4.3.1  Introduction

4.3.2  The logics of the overall project design

4.3.3  ALCOM's structure

4.3.4  Decisionmaking and other processes within the ALCOM project

4.3.5  The organisational culture of ALCOM

4.3.6  Assessment of the whole programme design

5.  ASSESSMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTPUT

5.1  INTRODUCTION

5.2  FINANCING

5.2.1  Aquaculture for Local Community Development, Phase III

5.2.2  Support to Aquaculture Training and Extension

5.2.3  Utilisation of Small Water Bodies for Aquaculture and Fisheries

5.2.4  Total means available for ALCOM Phase III

5.2.5  SADC and National Government Support

5.3  EXPENDITURE

5.4  OUTPUT

5.4.1  Field activities of the Core Programme

5.4.2  Assessment of activities promoting ALCOM immediate objective II:

5.4.3  Field activities in the Small Water Bodies Project

5.4.4  Small Water Bodies - Overall assessment of Objective I

5.4.5  Small Water Bodies - Overall assessment of objective II

5.4.6  Small Water Bodies - Overall assessment - Objective III

5.4.7  Activities of ALCOM Headquarters

5.4.8  Assessment of the activities of ALCOM Headquarters

6.  ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS OF THE ALCOM PROGRAMME

6.1  EFFECTS AND IMPACT

6.1.1  Development/testing of fish culture methods and systems appropriate for the target communities

6.1.2  Assessment of fishery potential in small water bodies for use by local communities

6.1.3  Strengthening the capacity of the national and local development institutions for sustained promotion of fish culture methods and systems among smallholder farmers

6.1.4  Training of national staff

6.1.5  Use of output and local adoption by rural communities

6.1.6  Other target areas

6.1.7  Impacts of ALCOM Programme and pilot projects

6.2  MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING PROGRAMME RESULTS

6.2.1  Major contributors to success

6.2.2  Major constraints

6.3  SUSTAINABILITY OF RESULTS

7.  TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL BACKSTOPPING

7.1  DONORS (SWEDEN AND BELGIUM)

7.2  EXECUTING AGENCY FAO

8.  FUTURE OF ALCOM

8.1  FUTURE OF THE WHOLE ALCOM PROGRAMME

8.1.1  ALCOM disappears immediately

8.1.2  ALCOM phases out progressively

8.1.3  ALCOM extended and reinforced for a short period

8.1.4  ALCOM becomes a new regional institution

8.2  FUTURE OF THE SMALL-WATER BODIES PROJECT

9.  FINDINGS OF THE EVALUATION TEAM

9.1  GENERAL FINDINGS ON THE WHOLE ALCOM PROGRAMME

9.2  FINDINGS CONCERNING THE ALCOM CORE PROGRAMME - SWEDEN

9.3  FINDINGS CONCERNING THE SMALL WATER BODIES PROJECT

9.4  FINDINGS CONCERNING THE FUTURE OF ALCOM

10.  RECOMMENDATIONS

10.1  GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

10.2  RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE FUTURE OF ALCOM

10.3  RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING ALCOM CORE PROGRAMME

10.4  RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING SWB PROJECT AND ITS FUTURE

10.5  RECOMMENDATIONS TO SADC AND ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES

10.5.1  SADC Secretariat

10.5.2  Malawi

10.5.3  Mozambique

10.5.4  Tanzania

10.5.5  Zambia

10.5.6  Zimbabwe

10.6  RECOMMENDATIONS TO FAO

11.  ANNEXES

LIST OF TABLES

1.    Total potential areas for warmwater fish farming in SADC Region

2.    Institutional responsibility for aquaculture at national level

3.    Nutritional data for SADC Region in 1993 (excl. Mauritius)

4.    Frequency of relatively severe droughts in SADC countries, period 1960–93

5.    Phasing of ALCOM's implementation

6.    ALCOM's Steering Committee Meetings

7.    ALCOM library requests from SADC countries, June 1995 – June 1996

8.    Total indicative funding for ALCOM Phase III (in USD)

9.    Host Country contributions to ALCOM Programme, in kind

10.  Approximate yearly total expenditure and funding in USD

11.  Categories of expenditures

12.  Assessment of output - Aquaculture pilot project, Manica Province Mozambique

13.  Assessment of output - Aquaculture pilot project, Gaza Province Mozambique

14.  Assessment of output - Aquaculture pilot project, Morogoro Region, Tanzania

15.  Assessment of output - Aquaculture pilot project, Eastern Province, Zambia

16.  Assessment of output. Regional small water bodies

17.  Assessment of output. SWB pilot project, Southern Province, Malawi

18.  Assessment of output. SWB pilot project, Zambia

19.  Assessment of output. SWB pilot project, Zimbabwe

20.  Assessment of output. SWB pilot project, Morogoro Region, Tanzania

21.  Assessment of output. Activities of ALCOM HQ

22.  Estimated numbers of small-scale fish farmers active under pilot projects' umbrella

LIST OF FIGURES

1.    Structure of the technology concept

2.    ALCOM's model for transfer of fish-farming technology to small-holder fish farmers

3.    Overall structure of ALCOM in the SADC Region

4.    Formal structure of ALCOM's organisation in Zambia

5.    Formal structure of ALCOM's organisation in Zimbabwe

6.    Formal structure of ALCOM's organisation in Malawi

7.    Formal structure of ALCOM's organisation in Tanzania

8.    Formal structure of ALCOM's organisation in Mozambique

9.    Decisionmaking processes for the elaboration and implementation of workplans

10.  Annual budgeting process

11.  Information processes in relation to ALCOM's activities

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Countries of the SADC Region (excluding Mauritius)

Agencies/Organisations

Miscellaneous

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