Residues resulting from supervised trials

The results of the residue trials are given in Tables 19-39. They were carried out under field conditions and reported in sufficient detail with acceptable analytical information unless otherwise indicated. Where analytical recoveries were outside the range 70-120% and/or where samples were stored for longer than 6 months or for an unspecified time this is indicated in a footnote. Analytical results have generally been rounded to one significant figure for residues below 0.1 mg/kg. Data in the JMPR format were submitted by the manufacturer only for carrots (some results), onions, kale, cabbage, cauliflower and rape seed.

Many of the trials were very old with reports which lacked details such as the method of analysis, duration of sample storage, recovery data and plot size.

The trials which were considered unsatisfactory have been identified by shading in the Tables. The acceptability of the results of some other trials in which the duration of sample storage was not reported will depend on the future availability of satisfactory data on the stability of residues in representative stored samples.

In most of the trials the samples were analysed for 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol, identified in the Tables as "met". Several of the trials also included analyses for 2,4-dichlorophenacyl chloride and 2,4-dichoroacetophenone, but the residues were below the LODs of 0.02 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg respectively in all the analysed samples. Residues discussed in the text are parent chlorfenvinphos unless otherwise indicated.

Where residues of the (E)- and (Z)- isomers were originally reported separately their sum is given in the Tables. The limit of determination of the individual isomers reported in the studies was generally 0.01 mg/kg.

Leeks. GAP for leeks was reported for Germany and The Netherlands. The maximum application rates were 0.144 kg ai/ha at infestation and 6 kg ai/ha pre-sowing, with PHIs of 28 and 60 days respectively.

One trial was available from Germany. It was poorly reported and did not reflect the reported GAP.

Table 19. A supervised field trial on leeks in Germany (undated).

Application				PHI, days	Portion analysed	Residues, mg/kg		Ref.
Form	No.	kg ai/ha	kg ai/hl			Parent	Met
GR	1	3	-	150	stem	ND	ND	CH-601-001

¹ No detailed study report; only very brief details of the trial and analysis were available.
Met = 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol

Onions. GAP was reported for a number of countries. The maximum application rates were 1-13.5 kg ai/ha with PHIs between 7 and 60 days or as governed by pre-planting, pre-sowing or post-emergence treatments.

Residue trials on bulb onions were reported from Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, Spain, the USA and the UK, as well as one trial on spring onions from The Netherlands. The application rates in four French trials with residues of <0.02 mg/kg were comparable with the granular application rates in France, but a PHI of 15 days was reported by the manufacturer as French GAP whereas the PHIs in the trials were 133-182 days. One German trial (CH-722-007), with a PHI of 175 days, was comparable with the Belgian and Netherlands GAP for pre-planting spray treatment. The residues were <0.02 mg/kg after 175 days. A further five German trials with granules were considered to accord with pre-planting GAP in Belgium, Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands. All showed residues below the LOD (<0.02 mg/kg). Two replicated Japanese trials reflected Japanese foliar GAP (which has a low application rate) with residues of <0.02 mg/kg 7-8 days after treatment. The only measurable residues of the parent reported were at the higher application rates of 4.8 kg ai/ha in a German spray trial (0.04 mg/kg, 60-day PHI) and 4.48 kg ai/ha in a UK trial (0.07 mg/kg, PHI 61 days) which was poorly reported with no detailed study report. These PHIs imply that the crops were immature and hence that the trials were not comparable with any reported GAP.

Table 20. Supervised field trials on bulb and spring onions. Bulbs analysed.

Table 20. Supervised field trials on bulb and spring onions. Bulbs analysed. (a)

Table 20. Supervised field trials on bulb and spring onions. Bulbs analysed. (b)

Table 20. Supervised field trials on bulb and spring onions. Bulbs analysed. (c)

Table 20. Supervised field trials on bulb and spring onions. Bulbs analysed. (d)

Results underlined once or twice are considered comparable with

a - Belgian and Netherlands GAP for spray treatments
b - GAP in Belgium, Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands for pre-planting granular treatments
c - Japanese GAP for foliar treatments

Double underlined residues are from maximum GAP treatments and have been used for estimating the STMR

¹ Duration of sample storage unspecified

² No detailed study report; only very brief details of the trial and analysis were available

³ Information is taken from residue trial summary sheets submitted by The Netherlands. Full study reports were submitted but were in Dutch

Met = 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol

Head cabbage. GAP was reported for Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK. The maximum application rates were 0.96-6 kg ai/ha with PHIs of 14-70 days or as governed by pre-planting or post-emergence treatment.

Residue trials were available from the UK, Germany, the USA and India. In 7 German trials complying with German GAP at 100 g/m² all residues were <0.02 mg/kg. In 6 more German trials reflecting German GAP for granular seedbed treatment (2 g/100 plants) residues were again all <0.02 mg/kg. Residues of 0.07 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg were found in two Indian trials in samples taken 17 and 11 days after treatment, but no Indian GAP was reported. One UK trial was considered comparable with the UK pre-emergence spray GAP, but it was poorly reported with few details. No trials were considered to comply with GAP for foliar treatments, which have shorter PHIs.

Table 21. Supervised field trials on head cabbages. Heads analysed.

Table 21. Supervised field trials on head cabbages. Heads analysed. (a)

Table 21. Supervised field trials on head cabbages. Heads analysed. (b)

Table 21. Supervised field trials on head cabbages. Heads analysed. (c)

Results underlined once or twice are considered comparable with

a - German GAP for pre-planting soil treatments at 100 g/m²

b - German GAP for granular treatments at 2 g/100 plants

c - German GAP for granular nursery bed treatment at 0.1 g/plant in combination with pre-planting soil treatment at 100 g/m²

Double underlined residues are from maximum GAP treatments and have been used for estimating the STMR

¹ No detailed study report; only very brief details of the trial and analysis were available.
² Duration of sample storage unspecified
³ Report not in English
Met = 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol

Savoy cabbage. GAP was reported for Germany and The Netherlands. A variety of treatment regimes are used although all applications are either before or soon after planting.

Only Germans trials were submitted. The German soil treatment at 0.1 kg ai/m² was reflected by three trials, with all residues <0.02 mg/kg. The 0.1 g/plant granular treatment was used in 3 acceptable trials with residues of 0.02, 0.03 and 0.15 mg/kg. In one additional trial a combination of these two treatments gave a residue of 0.3 mg/kg. In three trials with the German 2 kg ai/ha GAP application all residues were 0.02 mg/kg.

Table 22. Supervised field trials on Savoy cabbage in Germany. Heads analysed.

Table 22. Supervised field trials on Savoy cabbage in Germany. Heads analysed. (a)

Table 22. Supervised field trials on Savoy cabbage in Germany. Heads analysed. (b)

Table 22. Supervised field trials on Savoy cabbage in Germany. Heads analysed. (c)

Results underlined once or twice are considered comparable with

a - the German 0.1 kg ai/m² soil treatment
b - the German 0.1 g/plant granular nursery bed treatment
c - a combination of the German 0.1 kg ai/m² soil treatment and 0.1 g/plant granular treatment
d - the German 2 kg ai/ha treatment 5-6 days after planting

Double underlined residues are from maximum GAP treatments and have been used for estimating the STMR

¹ Duration of sample storage unspecified

² Only the JMPR residue trial summary sheets were supplied, no study report with further trial and analytical information

Met = 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol

Cauliflower. GAP was reported for Germany, Ireland, The Netherlands and the UK. Application is usually pre-emergence or at planting although post-emergence application is allowed in the UK and Ireland.

Residue trials were reported from Germany, India, the USA and the UK. There were three German trials according to each of three different German GAP treatments: 2 g/100 plants nursery granular, the 0.1 g/plant single bed treatment and the 2 kg ai/ha granular "spreading" application. The UK and Dutch spray treatment (ca. 4-5 kg ai/ha) at the time of drilling or transplanting was reflected by four German trials. All the residues in these trials were <0.02 mg/kg.

Table 23. Supervised field trials on cauliflower. Heads analysed.

Location, Country, year	Application				PHI, days	Chlorfenvinphos, mg/kg	Ref.
	Form	No.	kg ai/ha	kg ai/hl
Frankfurt Germany 19801	EC	1+2	4.8 + 0.14	-	0	<0.02	CH-721-022
				-	7	<0.02
					14	<0.02
					28	<0.02
Geisenheim Germany 19801	GR	1	4 g/200 plants	-	49	0.10	CH-721-023
					77	<0.02
					84	<0.02
					91	<0.02a
	GR	1	0.1 g/plant	-	49	0.5
					77	<0.02
					84	<0.02
					91	<0.02b
	GR	1	2	-	49	0.1
					77	<0,02
					84	<0.02
					91	<0.02c
Bamberg Germany 19801	GR	1	4 g/200 plants	-	70	<0.02	CH-721-023
					77	<0.02
					84	<0.02 a
	GR	1	0.1 g/plant	-	70	<0.02
					77	<0.02
					84	<0.02b
	GR	1	2	-	70	<0.02
					77	<0.02
					84	<0.02c
Frankfurt Germany 19801	GR	1	4 g/200 plants	-	49	0.3	CH-721-023
					77	<0.02
					84	<0.02
					91	<0.02a
	GR	1	0.1 g/plant	-	49	1.9
					77	0.02
					84	<0.02
					91	<0.02b
	GR	1	2		49	0.4
					77	<0.02
					84	<0.02
					91	<0.02c
Bad Segeberg Germany 19811	EC	1+2	4.9 + 0.17	-	0	1.0	CH-721-024
					7	0.1
					14	0.05
					21	0.07
Vorwohl Germany 19811	EC	1+2	4.9 + 0.17		0	0.80	CH-721-024
					7	0.10
					14	0.06
					21	<0.02
Frankfurt Germany 19891	EC	2	0.144	0.019	0	<0.02	CH-721-025
					14	<0.02
					21	<0.02
					28	<0.02
	EC	1	4.8	1.2	119	<0.02
					126	<0.02
					140	<0.02d
Bonn Germany 19891	EC	1	4.8	1.2	91	<0.02	CH-721-025
					98	<0.02
					112	<0.02d
USA undatted2	GR	1.1	1.12	-	20	<0.05	CH-601-001
		2			48	<0.05
USA undatted2	GR +	1+	1.12+	-			CH-601-001
	EC	3	1.12	-
					20	1.3
					48	<0.05
Nasik India 19721	EC	3	0.25	-	7	0.1	CH-721-019
	EC	3	0.50	-	7	0.2
Wellesbourne UK 19641,3	WP	1	root dip	0.05	88	<0.05	CH-724-065
	WP	1	root dip	0.05	88	<0.05
	EC	1	root dip	0.1	88	<0.05
	EC	1	root dip	0.1	88	<0.05
Bonn Germany 19904	EC	2	6.144	0.024	0	0.55	CH-721-030
					14	0.16
					21	0.06
					28	<0.02
					35	<0.02
Buttelborn Germany 19904	EC	1	4.8	0.48	83	<0.02	CH-721-031
					90	<0.02
					104	<0.02d
Bonn Germany 19904	EC	1	4.8	6.48	129	<0.02	CH-721-031
					136	<0.02
					150	<0.02d

Results underlined once or twice are considered comparable with

a - the German 2 g/100 plants nursery granular treatment
b - the German 0.1 g/plant single bed treatment
c - the Germans 2 kg ai/ha granular treatment
d - the UK and Dutch spray treatments (ca. 4-5 kg ai/ha) at time of drilling or transplanting.

Double underlined residues are from maximum GAP treatments and have been used for estimating the STMR

¹ Duration of sample storage unspecified
² No detailed study report; only very brief details of the trial and analysis were available.
³ High analytical recovery (>120%)
⁴ Report not in English

Mushrooms. GAP was reported only for the UK as either compost or casing incorporation. Only one trial was available which was poorly described with no detailed study report.

Table 24. Supervised residue trials on protected mushrooms, UK, undated. Fruit analysed.¹

Application				PHI, days	Chlorfenvinphos, mg/kg	Ref.
Form.	No.	kg ai/ha	kg ai/hl
GR	1	5 kg/tonne compost	-	30	<0.02	CH-601-001
GR	1	17 kg/tonne compost	-	30	<0.02

¹ No detailed study report; only very brief details of the trial and analysis were available

Kale. There are registered uses in Germany, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain, but residue trials were available only from Germany. Five trials were according to the Dutch GAP for spray treatments at planting or before sowing. Residues were all <0.02 mg/kg. In one of these trials the residue of dichlorophenylethanol was 0.07 mg/kg. Three further trials complied with the German granular single plant treatment, and in two others this treatment was combined with soil treatment according to German GAP. Residues in these trials were <0.02 (2), 0.02, 0.07 and 0.09 mg/kg.

Table 25. Supervised field trials on kale in Germany.¹

Location, year	Application			PHI, days	Residues, mg/kg		Ref.
	Form	No.	kg ai/ha		Parent	Met
Lübeck 1973	EC	1	4.8	56	<0.02	-----	CH-726-001
				63	<0.02	-----
				140	<0.02a	<0.02
Kiel 1973	EC	1	4.8	0	1.58	-----	CH-726-001
				7	0.52	-----
				28	0.13	0.06
Koldenbuttel 1973	EC	1	4.8	35	<0.02	-----	CH-726-001
				56	<0.02	-----
				84	<0.02a	0.07
Geisenheim 1977	EC	1	4.8	40	0.22	<0.02	CH-726-002 & CH-726-003
				60	<0.02	<0.02
				80	<0.02a	<0.02
Frankfurt 1977	EC	1	4.8	30	0.08	<0.02	CH-726-002 & CH-726-003
				50	<0.02	<0.02
				63	<0.02a	<0.02
Bamberg 1977	EC	1	4.8	40	0.47	<0.02	CH-726-002 & CH-726-003
				60	0.15	<0.02
				80	<0.02a	<0.02
Geisenheim 1977	GR	1	0.1 g/plant	40	1.44	<0.02	CH-726-004 & CH-726-005
				60	0.37	<0.02
				80	<0.02b	<0.02
Frankfurt 1977	GR	2	0.1 kg/m2 and 0.1 g/plant	30	3.05	<0.02	CH-726-004 & CH-726-005
				50	0.10	<0.02
	GR	1	0.1 g/plant	63 30	<0.07c	<0.02
					0.82	<0.02
				50	0.15	<0.02
				63	0.09b	<0.02
Bamberg 1977	GR	2	0.1 kg/m2 and 0.1 g/plant	40	0.40	<0.02	CH-726-004 & CH-726 -005
				60	0.20	<0.02
	GR	1	0.1 g/plant	80 40	0.02c	<0.02
					0.71	<0.02
				60	0.10	<0.02
				80	<0.02b	<0.02

Results underlined once or twice are considered comparable with

a - Dutch GAP where treatment is by spraying at or before planting
b - the German granular single plant treatment
c - the German granular single plant combined with soil treatment according to German GAP

Double underlined residues are from maximum GAP treatments and have been used for estimating the STMR

¹ Duration of sample storage was unspecified in all trials
Met = 1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol

Carrots. GAP was reported for Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Switzerland and the UK.

Residue trials were available from Canada, France, Germany, The Netherlands, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and the UK (Table 26). In addition the UK government provided data on residues in overwintered commercial carrots whose treatment history had been recorded (Table 27). The highest residues resulted from post-planting EC or WP sprays at c.4 kg ai/ha according to GAP in The Netherlands and France. Similar treatments at c.2.5 kg ai/ha are GAP in Ireland and the UK. The PHIs reported for these countries ranged between 21 and 60 days which reflects second-generation carrot fly control. French GAP was also reported to include an EC spray at 5 kg ai/ha with a PHI of 15 days, but the Meeting was informed that the use in practice was at the time of sowing. Several trials in France, Germany and The Netherlands complied with the higher rate GAP, with residues of <0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.12, 0.14, 0.2(3), 0.22. 0.3, 0.37, 0.45, 0.9, 1.2, 1.8, 2.0, and 3.8 mg/kg. In the overwintered commercial carrots treated in accordance with UK GAP the residues were <0.02-1.6 mg/kg. The Meeting estimated an STMR of 0.22 mg/kg and a maximum residue level of 5 mg/kg.

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots.

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots. (a)

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots. (b)

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots. (c)

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots. (d)

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots. (e)

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots. (f)

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots. (g)

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots. (h)

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots. (i)

Table 26. Supervised field trials on carrots. (j)

Results underlined once or twice are considered comparable with the 4 kg ai/ha EC or WP spray post-planting GAP in The Netherlands

Double underlined residues are from maximum GAP treatments and have been used for estimating the STMR

¹ Duration of sample storage unspecified

² Some results were missing from the submitted report

³ Only the JMPR residue trial summary sheets were supplied (no study report with further information).

⁴ No detailed study report; only very brief details of the trial and analyses were available.

⁵ Information is taken from residue trial summary sheets submitted by The Netherlands. Full study reports were submitted but were in Dutch

⁶ Residues of apparent chlorfenvinphos in control carrots were 0.03 mg/kg

⁷ High analytical recovery, >120%

⁸ Residues of apparent "acetophenone" in control carrots were 0.02-0.03 mg/kg

Met = 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol