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 Introduced
species in fisheries and aquaculture |
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| About | DIAS | Impacts | Regulations and agreements | What can be done| Terminology| Library |
| Frequently used terms |
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Alien invasive species An alien species which becomes established in natural or seminatural ecosystems or habitat, is an agent of change, and threatens native biological diversity (IUCN).Source � FAO terminology on line, 2003. http://www.fao.org/faoterm/search Alien species A species, subspecies, or lower taxon occuring otside of its natural range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. outside the range it occupies naturally or could not occpy without direct or indirect introduction or care by humans) and includes any part, gametes or propagule of such species that might survive and subsequently reproduce (IUCN).Source � FAO terminology on line, 2003. http://www.fao.org/faoterm/search Biodiversity (Biological diversity) Biological diversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.Source � CBD, 1992. Convention on Biological diversity, Rio de Janeiro. Click here for more information Ecosystem A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit.Source � CBD, 1992. Convention on Biological diversity, Rio de Janeiro. Click here for more information Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) An organism in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination.Source � Council Directive of 23 April 1990 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms. (90/220/EEC) Note � See Living Modified Organism (LMO). In everyday usage LMOs are usually considered to be the same as GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms), but definitions and interpretations of the term GMO vary widely. Introduction The transportation by humans of a species, subspecies or lower taxon to an area outside of its natural range; may also refer to movement across a major geographical barrier (such introductions within a country are also referred to as translocations).Source � Shine, C., N. Williams and L. G�ndling, 2000. A guide to designing legal and institutional frameworks on alien invasive species. Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 40. IUCN Environmental Law Centre. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Introduced species Any (non indigenous) species intentionally or accidentally transported and released by humans into an environment beyond its present range (Modified from FAO, 1995). Also referred to as an introduction.Source � FAO, Fisheries Glossary on line ( http://www.fao.org/fi/glossary/default.asp) Modified from FAO (1996): FAO. Precautionary approach to capture fisheries and species introductions. Elaborated by the Technical Consultation on the Precautionary Approach to Capture Fisheries ( Including Species introductions). Lysekill, Sweden, 6 - 13 June 1995. FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries. No 2. Rome, FAO. 1996. 54pp. Click to read more: Invasive species Species of fauna and flora of non-local origin which has established itself or has been introduced into a given area and has spread in the natural conditions on an undesirable scale, e.g. to the extent that it has replaced or seriously suppressed the species previously occupying this specific area.Source � FAO terminology on line, 2003. http://www.fao.org/faoterm/search Living modified organism (LMO) Any living organism that posesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology.Source � Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2000. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity: Article 3 (g). Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.Click here for more information Note � See Genetically Modified Organism (GMO). In everyday usage LMOs are usually considered to be the same as GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms), but definitions and interpretations of the term GMO vary widely. Modern biotechnology The application of:(a) In vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and direct injection of nucleic acid into cells or organelles, or (b) Fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family, that overcome natural physiological reproductive or recombination barriers and that are not techniques used in traditional breeding and selection. Source � Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2000. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity: Article 3 (i). Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Click here for more information Precautionary approach One of the outcomes of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (also known as the Earth Summit) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992, was the adoption of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, which contains 27 principles to underpin sustainable development. One of these principles is Principle 15 which states that "In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.Source � Website of the Convention of Biological Diversity, 2001. http://www.biodiv.org FAO terminology on line, 2003. http://www.fao.org/faoterm/search Transferred species (=transplanted species)Any species intentionally or accidentally transported and released by humans into an environment within its present range. Source � ICES, 1995. ICES Code of Practice on the Introductions and Tranfers of Marine Organisms 1994 / Code de Conduite du CIEM pour les Introductions et Transferts d'organismes Marins 1994. Click here for more information |
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| � FAO / FIRI, 2006 | |
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