Parr marks Marques de tocan Marques de parr
- dark vertical marks on the sides of young fish (18)
- dark vertical marks on the sides of young salmonid fishes (31)
Part-time fisherman Pêcheur temporaire
- fisherman employed seasonally
Passive fishing gear Engin de pêche dormant
- fishing with gear which is not actively moved but set and left to catch by itself
Paying away
- see Laying out
Peat hag Tourbière
- peat bog; a pit from which peats have been taken
Pectoral fin Nageoire pectorale
- paired fin either close behind or below the gill openings, corresponding to forelimb of a mammal (18)
- the most anterior or uppermost of the paired fins, usually dorsal to pelvic fine (19)
Pebbles Cailloux
- mineral particles (stones) with a diameter of 4–64 mm (16)
Pelagic Pélagique
- living in open water (in contrast to bottom-living) (18)
Pelagic fish Poisson pélagique
- fishes spending most of their life in surface layers that are not confined to the inshore waters
Pelvic fin Nageoire pelvienne
- ventral paired fin lying below the pectoral fin or between it and the anal fin (18)
Peninsula Péninsule
- a piece of land almost surrounded by water, and connected with the mainland by an isthmus (42)
Period of catchability Période d'ouverture spécifique de la pêche
- a period during which given species is permitted to be caught
Periphyton Périphyton
- the collective term referring to those organisms which live attached to plants (17)
pH pH
- a figure expressing hydrogen-ion concentration, and hence acidity or alkalinity. pH 7 neutral; lower figures indicate acidity, higher figures alkalinity (4)
- hydrogen-ion concentration. It is expressed as the reciprocal of the common logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration in gramme equivalents per litre. pH equals 7 is approximately neutral, a lower value of the pH means increasing acidity, a higher value increasing alkalinity (8)
Pharyngeal teeth Dents pharyngiennes
- bony toothlike projections from the fifth gill arch. These are small toothbearing plates on the roof and floor of the pharynx in most fishes, but in Cyprinidae they consist of a vertical are of bone with the teeth projecting at right angles toward the midline (18)
Phytoplankton Phytoplancton
- the plants constituents of plankton (8)
- tiny plants which drift with the currents (10)
- the plant portion of the planktonic organisms (17)
Piscary (common of) Droit de pêche
- right of fishing
Phytoplankton bloom
- see Water bloom
Pisciculture
- see Fish culture
Pit Excavation Trou
- an artificial hole in the ground formed by digging for some mineral deposit, as chalk, clay, gravel, etc., frequently filled with water
Pituitary gland Glande pituitaire
- small rounded body at the base of brain producing several hormones among others one regulating sexual functions, used (as injection) in fish-rearing to accelerate spawning
Plankton Plancton
- passively floating or weakly swimming aquatic organisms (4)
- floating or weakly swimming aquatic animals and plants (6)
- organisms that float more or less passively in the water (8)
- tiny plants and animals which drift with the currents (10)
- organisms suspended in water, without mobility or with very limited mobility, which cannot or do not maintain their distribution against the effects of local water movements (12)
- collective term referring to the organisms which live suspended in the open water region of lake (17)
- tiny aquatic plants and animals living above the bottom whose locomotory powers are weak compared with water currents (18)
Plankton bloom
- see Water bloom
Plankton feeder Phytophage (poisson)
- a fish that feeds on plankton (14)
Plankton net Filet à plancton
- fine-meshed net used for catching plankton
Plant association Association végétale
- an assemblage of plant species that recurs under comparable ecological conditions in different places (47)
Plant community Communauté végétale
- all species of plants living in a given environment, e.g., in a given lake, etc.
Plant eater Herbivore
- animal feeding on plants, especially fish feeding on higher aquatic plants or phytoplankton
Plant formation Formation végétale
- pertaining to plants botanical term equivalent to biocenosis (47)
Planting Repeuplement (par oeufs ou alevins)
- stocking young fish or fish eggs in a body of water
Pleuston Pleuston
- higher plants which float either upon the surface or within the water (28)
Plug Devon Poisson nageur
- an artificial lure resembling a small fish (2)
Poach Braconner
- to catch and carry off fish illegally, or by unsportmanlike methods (37)
Poison fishing Pêcher par empoisonnement
- fishing methods based on the application of selective poisons harmless for man
Pollution Pollution
- specific impairment of water quality by sewage, pesticides, and industrial waste (10)
Pond Etang
- relatively shallow and usually small body of still water, most frequently artificially formed, in which the littoral zone occupies its total or almost total area.
Pondage Volume Capacité
- water capacity of a pond
Pond-fish Poisson d'étang
- fish usually reared in pond
Pond fish culture Exploitation d'étangs
- all methods of producing and increasing fish production in ponds
Pond-grate Grille d'étang
- a screen installed in the inlet and/or outlet of water to prevent fish from escaping the pond
Ponding Création d'étangs
- formation of pond by damming the watercourse
Pond scum Ecume d'étang
- accumulation of free-floating, fresh water filamentous algae on the surface of a pond
Pond-weed Plantes d'étang
- any of various submersed or partially floating aquatic plants growing in still water, loosely species of Potamogeton
Pool Profond
- a deep still or nearly still place in a river or stream
- a small body of standing water, usually of natural formation
Poorly nourished Sous-alimenté
- receiving too small amounts of food, or deficient diet (with some component lacking) which leads to the development of deficiency syndrom
Population Population
- the members of a single species occurring in a given area (4)
- a stock or race of fish that exist as a biological unit (8)
Population density Densité de population
- the number or mass of individuals of a given population occupying a unit of space (23)
Population structure Structure d'une population
- term used to denote characteristics of a given population, usually such as: age, size composition, sex ratio, etc.
Post smolt
- for salmon: stage from departure from river until annulus formation at the end of the 1st winter in the sea (54)
- for migratory trout: stage from departure from river as a smolt until (a) entry into freshwater in the smolt-migration year, or (b) the end of the 1st sea-winter, if there is no return to freshwater in the smolt migration year, as indicated by wide annulus formation
Postspawning Rélatif à la période qui suit la fraye
- of or pertaining to the period after spawning
Pot
- see Fish pot
Pot gear Casier Panier
- small portable traps that fish enter, usually through a small opening, and with or without enticement by bait (8)
Pound Verveux Filet piège
- an enclosure for fish
- (very often) pound-net
Pound-net Verveux
- a series of nets forming a trap usually consisting of a leader and one, two or more enclosures
Pox Eruption cutanée
- name for different diseases characterized by eruptive pustules or lesions on the skin
Predation Prédation
- the act of preying upon or eating other animals (7)
- the act of an animal eating another (prey) of a different, and usually smaller, species (10)
Predator Prédateur
- an animal which kills and consumes other animals for food (6)
- an animal which eats or preys upon other animals (7)
Predator-prey interactions
- see Predator-prey relations
Predator-prey relations Relations prédateurs (proies)
- relations existing between predator and prey populations occurring in the same environment, consisting in regulating their number and characteristics; this leads to either steady or fluctuating equilibrium of these populations
Predatory Prédateur
- living by preying on others
Preservation Conservation
- conservation practices aimed at preserving various disappearing species of organisms or selected areas in their natural state (26)
- protection from decay
Prespawning Relatif à la période qui précède la fraye
- of or pertaining to the period before spawning
Prey Proie
- animal hunted or killed by another meat-eating animal for food (7)
- an animal that is hunted and eaten by predatory animals (13)
Primary factor Facteur primordial
- factor of the first importance
Primary food Aliment dominant
- the most important food in diet (of fish)
Primary production Production primaire
- the total amount of organic matter (representing the balance between assimilation and dissimilation) that is formed within a certain time by photosynthetic activity of plants (17)
Proctal fin
- see Anal fin
Producing capacity
- see Carrying capacity
Profundal
- see Profundal zone
Profundal zone Zone profonde
- the bottom zone of lakes where rooted aquatic vegetation does not grow (4)
- the deep region of a lake which lies below the light-controlled limit of plant growth (17)
Production Production
- the annual harvest of desirable species from any particular body of water
Productivity Productivité
- yield, either in the general sense of fish harvest, or in the more specialized usage of the limnologists, denoting the total annual production of any particular body of water (8)
Propagation Propagation
- to multiply plants and animals by any method from parent stock (10)
Protected fish zone Réserve de pêche
- the part of water body in which fish catches are prohibited
Protein efficiency ratio Taux d'efficacité des rations en protéines
- ratio between the amount of proteins consumed and production. Production per unit of protein fed (50)
Protein-depleted diet Aliments déficients en protéines
- feeds with insufficient content of proteins, also protein-free diet
Protein-free diet Aliments sans protéines
- feeds not containing proteins
Proteins Protéines
- highly complex organic substances directly involved in chemical processes necessary for the maintenance of life; for all animals essential constituents of the diet
Protozoan disease
- disease caused by protozoa, i.e., Ichthyophthirius, Myxosoma, etc.
Pull net
- see Drag net
Push net Haveneaux
- triangularly framed shallow mesh bag operated by hand. It is fished in shallow water by a horizontal pushing motion (2)
Pyloric appendages Caeca pyloriques
- finger-like outgrowths in the digestive tract (53)
Quarantine pond Etang d'isolement
- pond used for isolation of fish suspected of being infected by some disease
Quick-lime Chaux vive
- anhydrous calcium oxide
- see unslacked lime
Quickwater Torrent Rapide
- a stream or that part of a stream having a decided current (42)
Race Race
- a group of animals generally segregated geographically and differing slightly from the typical members of the species (6)
- a term used by taxonomists to denote a subspecific difference between two populations (8)
- a single-species, self-reproducing group of fishes of various ages, inhabiting a definite region and associated with definite spawning, feeding, and wintering grounds (25)
Raceway Bassin allongé
- a long narrow pond with current, in which the water inlet and outlet are at opposite ends (10)
Raft Radeau
- floating cage, box, platform, etc.
Raising Elevage
- to cause or promote the growth of animals (10)
Rapids Rapides
- part of a river where the current flows swiftly over sloping river-bed
Rate of growth
- see Growth rate
Ration Ration
- the feed allowed for a given animal during a day of 24 hours, whether it is fed on one time or in portions at different times (52)
Rawner Saumon mature
- mature but not spawning salmon
Raw sewage Effluent brut
- untreated sewage
Ray Rayon
- an articulated or jointed rod, usually branched at its tip, that supports the membranes of a fin (18)
- an articulated or jointed rod that supports the membrane of a fin (19)
Reach Parcours rectiligne
- part of any water body between two bends also a stretch of canal between two locks
Rear Elever
- to bring (fishes) to a certain stage of growth by giving proper nourishment and attention
- to breed
Rearing Elevage artificiel
- to care for and support up to maturity, as to raise fish to adults (10)
Rearing pond Etang d'élevage
- general term applied to all types of ponds in which fishes are grown
Rearing pond for second-year fish Etang de deuxième année
- pond for rearing fish in the second year of a three-year cycle of production, sometimes called - two summers fish pond
Rearing station Pisciculture Station d'incubation et d'élevage
- an establishment for hatching and rearing stocking material
Recapture Recapturer
- to capture again, especially after marking
Recruitment Recrutement
- the entrance of young fish of a year class into a fishery. The young fish recruit to a fishery over a period, sometimes less than a year and sometimes for one or more years (1)
- addition of new fish to the vulnerable population by growth from among smaller size categories (27)
Recruits Recrues
- the younger fish that each year are added to the portion of the population vulnerable to the fishery (8)
Recruit stock Stock de recrues
- the stock that each year is added to the portion of the fishable population
Redd Gravière Frayère
- a gravel bed in a river in which salmon lay their eggs (1)
- the spawning nest which is excavated in the gravel or stones of the stream bed, filled with the eggs, and then partially refilled with coarse stones. Applied especially to the nests of Salmonidae (8)
- the gravel nest of salmonid fishes (18)
Redox potential Potentiel redox
- the expression for the relative state of oxidation in relation to an electrical potential of the system (17)
Red worm Ver de terre
- a kind of earthworm commonly used as bait in angling
Reed Roseaux
- a term applied to several distinct species of large emergent water-plants (Gramineae, Typhaceae, Cyperaceae) especially to Phragmites communis, often forming a belt around water bodies or growing on wet-lands
Reed mower Engin de faucardage
- any mechanical device used for cutting hard water plants especially reed
Reel-line Ligne sur moulinet
- an angler's line wound on a reel (37)
Refertilization Refertilisation
- to fertilize again
Regenerated scale Ecailles régénérées
- scales of fish where the rings have disappeared in part (being absorbed and) or dissolved (16)
Regulation of river Correction de rivières
- any kind of engineering works carried out on rivers in order to change their natural course and flow
Relative conversion rate (of food) Taux de conversion relative (des aliments)
- an index obtained by dividing the quantity of food distributed by total fish production (36)
Repopulation Repopulation
- to populate again
Reproduction Reproduction
- the process by which a living organism gives rise to another of its kind
Reproductive potential Potentiel de reproduction
- the potential number of fish that will attain maturity from the spawning of each adult (8)
Reproductive products
- see Roe
Reservoir Réservoir Bassin de retenue
- a basin, either natural or artificial, where large quantity of water is collected and stored
Residual waters Eaux résiduaires
- waters of the nature of a residuum
Residuum Résidu
- that which is left after any process such as separation, purification, etc.
Resistant Résistant Rustique
- able to withstand adverse environmental conditions or ward off diseases (10)
- able to ward off or withstand disease without adverse effects (11)
Respiratory quotient, R.Q. Quotient respiratoire
- ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide expired to the amount of oxygen consumed at the same time
Resting stage Phase de résorption de la vésicule
- developmental stage of larva of several fish species referring to the period between hatching and the beginning of active feeding
Restocking Nouveau repeuplement
- to stock again
Restoration Restauration
- practices connected with restoring those natural characteristics of a given object, area, etc., which have been altered or seriously deteriorated by human activities (49)
Ridge Ligne de crête
- the line separating two river systems
Riffle Radier Zone de courant
- a shoal or rocky obstruction in the bed of a river or other stream, also a piece of broken water produced by this
Rill Petit ruisseau Ruisselet
- a small stream
Rip Zone de courant
- a stretch of broken water in a river (40)
Riparian Riverain
- an owner of property on the banks of any water body, especially of a river
Riparian rights Droits de riveraineté
- rights, belonging to a person who owns land bordering on a watercourse or other body of water, concerning its bank, bed, or waters (13)
Ripe egg Oeuf mur
- mature egg
Riser Régulateur de niveau
- in fish culture vertical part of water controlling device such as monk
River Rivière Fleuve
- a large natural stream of fresh water which flows in well-defined channel
Riverain (riverine) Riverain (riveraine)
- of or pertaining to a river or its vicinity
River basin Bassin fluvial
- the area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
River basin management Aménagement de bassin fluvial
- multipurpose development of an entire river basin aimed at efficient use and control of all waters in the drainage area of the basin
River development Coefficient de sinuosité d'une rivière
- the degree of departure of stream from a straight course
Riverhead Source d'une rivière
- the sources of a river
River mouth Embouchure Estuaire
- the outfall of a river
River-side Rive
- ground along a river bank
Rivulet Petit ruisseau Ruisselet Ru
- a small stream
Rod
- see Fishing rod
Roe Oeufs et laitance (des poissons et crustacés)
- general term applied to eggs and milt or sperm of fishes and crustaceans
Roed Oeuvé Laité
- having roe, full of spawn (40)
Roughage Aliments de lest
- feeds containing a high percentage of indigestible constituents, as cellulose
Rowboat Bateau à rames
- a boat propelled by oars
Run Montaison Parcours
- a migration of fish especially up-river for spawning, also a shoal of fish so migrating
- small watercourse
Runlet Petit ruisseau
- a small stream
Runnel Petit ruisseau
- a small stream
Running Courant
- flowing, as water
- current, as costs
Running water Eau courante
- water flowing down from higher to lower levels
Runoff Ruissellement Ecoulement
- surface water that flows off the land
- flow away
Sac fry Alevin vésiculé
- young fish from the time of hatching until the yolk sac is absorbed (9)
Salinity Salinité
- the saltness of water, expressed as parts per thousand (10)
Sanctuary Réserve Refuge
- close time or place for protection of fish
Sand Sable
- mineral particles with a diameter of 1/16–2 mm (16)
Sandbar Banc de sable
- a ridge of silt or sand in rivers formed by the action of water
Saprobic Saprobe
- pertaining to an environment rich in organic matter and relatively low in oxygen (17)
Sapropel Sapropel
- fetid slime: dark bottom decay sediment of lakes rich in organic substances and ferric sulphide, formed by a decay of plant and animal remains in saprobic conditions
Saproplankton Saproplancton
- plankton found on the surface of stagnant water, developing on decaying organic matter
Scale Ecaille
- one of the small thin membranous, horny or bony modifications of the skin covering the body or its part in many fishes
Scale carp Carpe à écaille
- carp completely covered with scales (36)
Scaleless Sans écaille
- having no scales
Scale-reading Lecture d'écailles
- age and length determination (of fish) based on scale characteristic, i.e., number of rings (annuli) and length of their radii
Scaly A nombreuses écailles
- abounding in scales
Schoolfish Poisson grégaire
- a fish that usually appears in shoals
Schooling up Regroupant de nombreux poissons près de la surface
- grouping a large number of fish near the surface (2)
Scoop net
- see Dip net
Scum
- see Pond scum
Secchi depth Profondeur de non visibilité du disque de Secchi
- depth at which a Secchi disc (a small white disc, 20 centimetres in diameter) disappears from view when lowered into water. A measure of water transparency (35)
Secchi disc Disque de Secchi
- a round, white disc used to measure transparency or light penetration in water
Secondary production Production secondaire
- production of organisms that feed on green plants, usually applied to the production of all sorts of invertebrates
Second dorsal fin Deuxiême nageoire dorsale
- in fishes characterized by double dorsal fin (such as Perciformes) the back part of this fin
Second fry pond
- see Fingerling pond
Second rearing pond
- see Fingerling pond
Sediments Sédiments
- matter that settles to the bottom of a water
Seine net Senne
- a net with a small conical bag and long narrow wings. It is rigged with floats and weights. When fishing a triangular pattern is made, laying first several coils of rope, dependent on conditions, then the net, and finally more rope. Both ropes are hauled, and any fish in the area enclosed are frightened into the bag (2)
Seining Pêche à la senne
- fishing or catching with a seine net
Selective feeding Alimentation sélective
- way of feeding consisting of choosing given kind of food or/and food organisms
Selectivity Sélectivité
- the ability or property to choose or select definite organisms from a given population
Self-purification Auto-épuration
- ability of water-bodies especially of flowing waters to decompose and/or neutralize several pollutants, making them harmless
Semiaquatic Semi-aquatique
- pertaining to any organism living
Septicaemia (of carp) Septicémie (de la carpe)
- a generalized systematic disease caused by the presence of micro-organisms or their products in the blood
- a primarily viral disease of carp, with a still uncertain etiology, occurring widely in European carp farms
Seston Seston
- a collective term which includes everything that floats or swims in the water; includes both living and dead organisms (4)
- a collective term referring to the total amount of suspended matter in the lake (17)
Setting
- see Laying out
Setting tank (pond) Cuve de sédimentation Etang de sédimentation
- a tank (pond) in which suspended solids are removed from sewage and wastes by the process of sedimentation
Sewage Eaux usées
- refused matters conveyed in sewers especially from houses and towns
- irrigate, fertilize, with sewage
Sewer Egout
- an artificial channel or conduit, usually underground, for carrying off and discharging waste water and the refues from houses and towns (40)
Sex ratio Pourcentage des sexes
- the ratio between males and females in a given population, usually expressed in percentages.
Sexually active period Période de reproduction
- the period of a life span of a living organism during which it possesses the ability to reproduce
Shallow Peu profond Haut fond
- of a little depth
- a place where the water is not deep
Shellfish Mollusques et crustacés
- aquatic invertebrates possessing a shell or exoskeleton, usually molluscs or crustaceans (10)
Shoal Banc (de poisson)
- a more or less prolonged grouping of mutually oriented fishes, of closely similar biological condition and age, united by similar behaviour (25)
School Sous groupe dans un banc
- a smaller grouping within the limits of a shoal. In a school the fishes are usually within the range of interaction of their sensory organs at a particular time of day (25)
Shore Terrain riverain
- the land bordering on a large body of water, e.g., large lake or river
Shore-line Rive
- the line where shore and water meet, contour of a shore
Shore seine Senne de plage
- a kind of seine net hauled ashore usually with one wing shorter
Shore-rope Fune
- a rope connecting a net with the shore (40)
Silt Vase
- a soft, flocculent, finely-divided soil (16)
Siltation Envasement
- deposition of finely divided sediment, consisting of rock and clay particles (4)
Silting
- see Siltation
Sinker Plomb
- a weight used to sink a fishing line or net
Size group Groupe de taille
- a group of animals, e.g., fish, containing individuals falling within given range of size
Slack-water Eaux mortes
- a part of a river lying outside of the current (40)
Slaked lime Chaux éteinte
- hydrated clacium oxide
Slime Mucus
- a mucous exudation of fish, snails, etc.
Slope on pond side Côté interne émergé d'une digue d'étang
- internal wet slope of a pond dike
Slope on side away from pond Côté externe émergé d'une digue d'étang
- external dry slope of a pond dike
Slough Bourbier Fondrière
- a piece of soft, miry, or muddy ground (40)
Sluice Ecluse Vanne
- a structure for impounding the water of a river, canal, etc., provided with a sluice gate by which the volume of water is regulated or controlled
Sluice gate Porte d'écluse Vanne d'écluse
- a structure with a gate for regulating the inflow or outflow of water (10)
Sluiceway Canal à vannes
- an artificial channel or water-way fed or controlled by means of a sluice
Smolt Smolt
- an adolescent salmon which has metamorphosed and which is found on its way downstream toward the sea (1)
- life stage in salmonid fishes, individual usually 1–3 years of age, turning silvery, preparing to migrate out of stream or lake to sea, or out of stream to large lake (31)
- fully silvered juvenile salmon migrating to sea (54)
- fully silvered juvenile migratory trout (55)
Soft-finned Ayant des nageoires à rayons cartilagineux
- having fins whose membrane is supported on flexible or jointed rays
Soft (aquatic) plants Plantes aquatiques molles
- common name given to submerged and floating aquatic plants
Soft roe Laitance
- milt or sperm of a male fish
Solubility Solubilité
- the capability of being dissolved
- the concentration of substance in saturated solution
Sounding Sondage
- investigation, testing the depth or quality of bottom (water)
Source of water Source
- a spring of water, especially the beginning of a stream
- any water-body from which water is taken for a given purpose
Spawn Pondre Ponte Alevins de même âge
- to deposit eggs (of fish)
- common term for eggs and sperm
- young breed, usually numerous, in early stages of development
Spawner Reproducteur
- a female fish, especially at spawning time (40)
Spawning Ponte Fraie
- breeding, the release of eggs and sperm resulting in fertilized eggs (14)
Spawning area Aire de ponte
- part of a breeding bottom on which fish spawning takes place
Spawning dress
- see Breeding colour
Spawning ground Lieu de ponte
- defined part of spawning area on which particular fish species spawn
Spawning habit Comportement de ponte
- usual manner of spawning characteristic for a given species
Spawning livery
- see Breeding colour
Spawning migration Migration de reproduction
- the movement of fishes from the feeding or overwintering grounds to the spawning grounds (25)
Spawning period Période de reproduction
- a defined extent of time during spawning season when spawning of particular species usually occurs
Spawning place Emplacement de ponte
- the very place of a spawning ground on which particular fishes spawn
Spawning pond Etang de reproduction
- specially designed small pond where the adult fish spawn naturally
Spawning population Stock de reproducteurs
- mature part of the stock, especially during spawning time
Spawning season Saison de reproduction
- that part of the year in which various fish species are sexually active
Spawning time Période de reproduction
- that portion of the spawning period during which fishes of particular species actually spawn
Spear Harpon
- sharp-pointed and barbed instrument used for catching fish
Spent fish Poisson ayant frayé
- fish that has deposited its spawn
Spillway Déversoir
- passage for overflow of surplus water
Spine Rayon épineux
- needle-like structure that is not branched, is without segmentation, and is more or less stiff and sharp at the end (18)
Spinner Cuiller
- kind of revolving bait (fly or spoon) used for angling, especially in trout-fishing
Spinning
- see Bait casting
Spiny-finned A nageoire épineuse
- characterized by fins bearing one or more sharp, unsegmented rays
Spiny lobster
- a marine crustacean belonging to Palinurus
Spiny-rayed
- see Spiny-finned
Splash net
- see Lam net
Spoon Cuiller
- a curved piece of metal with a hook attached, which is used in trolling for attracting fish (2)
- a kind of artificial bait having the form of the bowl of a spoon, used in spinning or trolling (40)
Spoon hook Hameçon à cuiller
- spoon bait, spoon
- a kind of spoon-shaped metal bait with hook(s) used in spinning and trolling
Spoon-net Epuisette
- small landing-net used by anglers
Sport-fish
- see Game fish
Sport fishing Pêche sportive
- the capture of fish for recreation and enjoyment
Spreader Perche
- wooden poles used for spreading certain parts of different fishing nets
Spring Source
- an outflow of water from the earth
Spring overturn Circulation de printemps Inversion de printemps
- the period of mixing of previously stratified water masses which occurs in the spring when water temperatures in the lake are uniform (17)
Stage of development
- see Developmental stages
Stagnant Stagnant
- standing still water, as in a pool
Stagnation Stagnation
- state in a water body when no mixing of water masses occurs
Stake net Courtine
- a gill net which is hung on stakes (2)
- a pound net which is held up with stakes (2)
- a weir which is supported with stakes (2)
Standing crop Stock Biomasse spécifique
- the poundage of a given species or complex of species of fishes present in a body of water at a specific moment (3)
- the total quantity of fish (or plankton) present in any body of water at any particular moment (8)
Stangeon
- see Gangen
Staple diet
- see Basic diet
Starvation Inanition Manque de nourriture
- state of extreme malnutrition most frequently caused by the long-continued deprivation of essential nutrients
Steady state Stabilité
- a state of a population in which it may fluctuate about a mean but does not increase or decline in a systematic way with time (1)
Stew Vivier Parc à huîtres
- a fish-pond or tank for keeping live fish for table
Still fishing
- see Bait fishing
Stock Stock Repeupler
- quantity of fish considered in a given situation
- to release fish into a water body
Stock biomass Biomasse globale
- total weight of fish in stock (51)
Stock-breeder Selectionné pour la reproduction
- an animal selected for breeding purposes
Stocking Repeuplement
- act or fact of introducing fish into a water body
Stocking-density Densité de repeuplement
- amount of fish stocked usually per unit of area
Stocking policy Programme de repeuplement
- a programme of stocking open waters carried out in order to maintain proper fish stock
Stocking rate Densité de repeuplement
- number of fish released per unit area (34)
Stock number Importance numérique d'un stock
- total number of fish in stock (51)
Stock pond Etang consacré à la sélection
- pond for rearing brood stock especially in selective breeding
Stop net Filet de barrage
- a net which is used for blocking the mouth of a bay, etc. (2)
Stop seine Senne annexe (proposal: does not exist in France)
- a short seine which is laid across the wings of a larger seine, thus enclosing the fish in an artificial pond (2)
- a small seine which is used to collect the fish caught inside a large surrounding net (2)
Storage pond Etang de stabulation
- pond for the temporary holding of marketable fish (43)
Stow net Chalut à l'étalage
- a large funnel or cone shaped net which is lowered beneath an anchored boat or raft, to catch shoals of sprats as the fish come up the estuary on tide (2)
Stratification Stratification
- the layering of water masses owing to different densities in response to temperature or varying concentration of substances (17)
Stream Cours d'eau
- body of water flowing in bed
- current or flow of water
Streamlet Petit ruisseau
- a small stream
Stream net Tésure
- stake net fished in fast-running water, fitted with intermediate sticks which cause bagging where the fish are trapped as the tide recedes (2)
Stream weir
- see Stream net
Stretch of river Secteur de rivière
- a reach or tract of a river, usually of uniform character
Strip the fish Prendre les ovules et la laitance des poissons
- to press out with the hand the ripe roe or milt from a fish
- to incise the body wall of the fish and spill out the roe into a basket
Subaquatic Submergé
- submerged
Sublittoral Sublittorale (zone)
- transition zone of lake bottom between the littoral and profundal
Submerged aquatic plants Plantes aquatiques poussant sous l'eau
- rooted plants completely or mostly growing under water
Submersed aquatic plants
- see Submerged aquatic plants
Suffocation Etouffement Suffocation
- death due to the lack of oxygen
Summery fry Alevins d'été
- fry caught during vegetation period
Summerkill Mortalité massive d'été
- the sudden mortalities of fish which occur in summer, usually as a direct result of suffocation (3)
Summerling Estivaux
- any fish from advanced fry to the age of one year from date of hatching, usually in the autumn
Supernumerary annulus Faux anneaux
- in scale-reading an annulus being in excess of a normal number
Super-saturation (with oxygen) Sursaturation
- pertains to the situation when the concentration of oxygen in water is greater than its solubility
Supplemental feeding by man Alimentation complémentaire par l'homme
- pertaining to or of fishes which are fed with artificial food
Supplementary feeding Alimentation complémentaire
- different classes of nutrients (foodstuffs) to be furnished when not available in the environment
- nutrients (foodstuffs) furnished in order to obtain better production of fish
Supplementary food Aliment complémentaire
- additional food
- also see Supplementary feeding
Supply channel
- see By-pass channel
Surface Surface
- the upper plane of a body of water
Surface-water Eau de surface Eau superficielle
- water collecting on the surface of the ground
- the surface layer of a body of water
Survival Survie
- a number of organisms which has remained from a given initial population
Survival rate Taux de survie
- number of fish alive after a specified time interval, divided by the initial number (27)
Survivorship curve Courbe de survie Courbe d'espérance de vie
- curve used in life expectancy statistics (26)
Swamp Marais
- a marsh or bog
Swimming bladder
- see Air bladder
System of fish cultivation Technique de pisciculture
- practice of a method of fish cultivation under determined ecological and socio-economic conditions (36)
Tackle
- see Fishing-tackle
Tag Etiquette Etiqueter Etiquetage
- any foreign object, that is attached to or inside the body of a fish, usually bearing a number thus enabling individual fish to be identified
- act of tagging
Tagged fish Poisson ayant une étiquette d'identification
- fish bearing tag
Tagging Etiquetage
- any procedure which makes fish subsequently identifiable as an individual, which employs the use of tags
Tagging (marking) mortality Mortalité due à l'étiquetage (ou marquage)
- mortality caused by the procedure and/or effect of tagging (marking)
Tag-recovery
- see Tag return
Tag return Taux de retour des étiquettes
- ratio between the number of recovered tags and the total number of tags used for a given batch of fishes, usually expressed in percentage
Tail of pool Queue d'un profond
- the lower end of a pool
Tailrace Bief d'aval Canal de fuite
- the portion of a stream just below a dam; specifically, the water flowing from the draft tubes of a turbine (8)
Tangle net Folle
- flimsy net with the netting hanging loosely or in a specific way so that fish striking it become immediately entangled (2)
Tank Conteneur
- any receptacle or vessel for holding water
Tarn Petit lac de montagne Laquet
- a small mountain lake
Temporary waters (ponds) Plans d'eau temporaires
- natural water bodies which remain dry for part of the year
Test fishing Pêches expérimentales
- fishing carried out in order to obtain necessary information, e.g., about fish stock under exploitation, etc.
Thermal circulation Circulation thermique
- circulation of water masses due to temperature differences between water layers
Thermal stratification Stratification thermique
- the layering of water masses owing to different densities in response to temperature (17)
Thermocline Thermocline
- an area in deep lakes between the epilimnion and the hypolimnion, in which the temperature drops rapidly, at least one degree centigrade per metre of increase in depth (4)
- the thin layer of water lying between the warmer surface layer or epilimnion, and the cooler bottom layer or hypolimnion in a stratified lake. It is characterized by a rapid change in temperature of 1°C or more per metre of depth (8)
Tom
- see Gangen
Top line
- see Headline
Top rope
- see Headline
Torrent Torrent
- a swift stream of water
Total mortality Mortalité totale
- the loss in numbers in a year class from one age group to the subsequent one, due to all causes, including sometimes those other than death (1)
Towed nets Arts traînants
- forms of gear in which the water is strained through the meshes of a moving net, leaving the fish in the bag (8)
Trace elements Eléments trace
- generally refers to certain elements, such as cobalt, which occur in very low concentrations and which are important in biological processes (17)
Trail Guindineau Bourdon
- wooden spreader used at the leading end of the wing of a trawl or seine, to keep the net spread vertically (2)
Trammel net Tramail Trémail
- a net made with three sheets of netting which are joined so that they lay together in one wall. The two outer sides are of a larger mesh than the loosely hung inner piece. It is fitted with ropes, floats and weights and set on the bottom. When a fish strikes the net it becomes entangled in a pocket, as the force carries the smaller mesh netting through the larger mesh (2)
Transition zone Zone de transition
- a passage area from one condition or place to another
Transparency Transparence
- the quality or condition of having the property of transmitting light (40)
Trap line Filière de filets
- a series of trap-nets set out at approximately equal distances
Trap-net Filet piège
- a fishing net having a funnel-shaped entrance into an oblong net pen for trapping fish (very often modified)
Trash fish Poissons sans valeur Faux poissons
- fish which have neither game nor commercial value
Trawl Chalut
- a conically shaped bag of netting, with the mouth designed in numerous ways to suit the different devices for maintaining the opening whilst being towed through the water (2)
Trawling Chalutage
- fishing with a trawl (2)
Treatment of…(sewage, waste, etc.) Epuration Traitement de
- a process carried out in order to purify sewage (wastes, etc.) to such an extent that its disposal will not injure health and welfare of mankind
Treatment plant Station d'épuration
- waste treatment facilities placed between the sewers and a water body in order to purify wastes and sewage by physical, chemical and biological proces
Tributary Tributaire Affluent
- a stream flowing into a larger stream or lake
Trim net Tésure
- a bag net used for catching white bait and eels. It is smaller than a stow net but similar (2)
Trip Tableau Prise
- the number of fish caught in one angling excursion
Troll Pêcher à la traîne
- to fish with a running line, usually with a spoon bait especially behind a boat
- a reel of fishing-rod
Trolling Pêche à la traîne
- one of the four basic methods of angling in which the bait is trailed behind slowly moving boat
Trolling rod Ligne traînante
- a strong fishing rod for trolling (42)
Trolling spoon
- see Spoon hook
Trophic state Situation trophique
- characterization of a body of water in terms of position in a scale ranging from oligotrophy to eutrophy (35)
Trophogenic layer Couche trophogène
- the layer of water bodies where photosynthetic production of organic matter exceeds destruction
Trophogenic zone
- see Trophogenic layer
Tropholytic layer Niveau tropholite
- the layer in water bodies where breakdown of organic matter exceeds production
Tropholytic zone
- see Tropholytic layer
Trout section Zone à truite
- the mountain part of a stream with fast currents and stony bottom, characterized by fishes with cylindrical bodies (trout, loach, minnow) (25)
Trout zone (reach)
- see Trout section
Tuck-net
- see Stop seine
Turbidity Turbidité
- the amount of suspended small particles in a liquid (6)
- a cloudy condition of water, usually caused by impurities (10)
- cloudiness of a solution caused by suspended matter (16)
Turnover Renouvellement
- the process of cycling of organisms (through all stages of their lives to death and decomposition) or elements
Turnover time Temps de renouvellement
- (of elements) the time taken to absorb from the water or liberate from the solid phase under steady-state conditions a mass of a given element equal to the stationary mass present, respectively, in the water or the solid phase (47)
- (of organisms) the time required for each type of organism to complete its growth, to die and decompose, and to start the cycle over again (32)
Two-year-old Poissons de deux ans
- fish of any age between two and three years from date of hatching (9)
Underfishing Sous exploitation
- all levels of fishing pressure that, when operating in conjunction with the forces of natural mortality, cause insufficient total mortality to prevent excessive survival of juveniles and moderate to severe food competition among adults (3)
Undersized fish Poissons n'ayant pas atteint la taille légale
- a fish below the proper or legal size
Unfed fry Alevin vésiculé
- fry from the time the yolk sac is absorbed until they start feeding (9)
Unfished ground Secteurs non pêchés
- area on which catches of fish are not carried out
Unslacked lime
- see quick lime
- anhydrous calcium oxide
Unspawned Reproducteur n'ayant pas frayé
- any mature fish which has not spawned
Upper pond Etang d'amont
- the head-pond in a series of linked ponds, hence the first supplied with water
Upper reach
- see Trout section
Upper river
- see Trout section
Upstream A contre courant Vers l'amont
- in a direction against the current
Usable stock Stock exploitable (pondéralement)
- the weight of all fish in a stock which lie within the range of sizes customarily considered usable (or designated so by law) (27)
Valley Vallée
- a long depression or hollow more or less enclosed by hills usually having a river or stream flowing through it
Vegetative period
- see Growing season
Velocity Vitesse
- the distance a mass of water moves per unit of time (23)
Ventral fin
- see Pelvic fin
Vernal-autumnal pond Etang temporaire d'automne au printemps
- pond which contains water in spring, dries up during summer, and again contains water in the autumn (28)
Vernal pond Etang temporaire de printemps
- pond which occurs for but a limited period in spring (28)
Vertical distribution Distribution verticale
- upward and downward dispersion, location or arrangement (as organisms in a water column or data on the graph, etc.)
Vertical fins Nageoires verticales
- name given to single fins: dorsal, anal and caudal
Vertical incubator Incubateur vertical
- jar-shaped apparatus for hatching fish eggs especially small sized, in which water flows vertically
Vertical mixing Circulation verticale Inversion verticale
- vertical circulation of water masses in a lake occurring naturally in temperate climate in spring and autumn
Viable Viable
- capable of living and developing normally (6)
Vibert box Bofte Vibert
- little instream incubator to be buried into the gravel. The alevins escape through its holes and find their natural conditions of development between the gravels
Village pond Etang de village
- small pond of artificial or natural formation usually within a village, designated for different purposes, occasionally utilized for fish culture
Viral disease Maladie virale
- disease caused by virus, i.e., Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN), Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis (IHN), etc.
Viscid eggs Oeufs collants
- glutinous, sticky eggs
Vitality Vitalité
- ability to continue living independently of unfavourable conditions
Volume of lake Volume d'un lec
- the sum of the volume in each of the strata bounded by bottom contours (23)
Vulnerability Vulnérabilité
- a term equivalent to catchability but applied to separate parts of a stock, for example those of a particular size, or those living in a particular part of the range (27)
Wastes Eaux usées
- waters polluted in a different degree as a result of being used for various purposes
Water balance Bilan hydrique
- a condition of equilibrium among water supply and water utilization
Water bloom Fleur d'eau Pouseée planctonique
- a sudden increase in the abundance of planktonic algae, especially at or near the water surface. A condition when water looks green because of the abundance of planktonic algae (35)
Water body Plan d'eau
- relatively large mass of water which occurs within confined area, e.g., pond, lake, river, brook, etc.
Water capacity Capacité en eau
- the power of holding a defined amount of water
Water circulation Circulation d'eau
- movement of water in any closed or semi-closed system
Water-collecting area
- see Catchment basin (area)
Water column Colonne d'eau
- confined, vertical, cylindrical mass of water
Water conservation Conservation des ressources en eau
- practices connected with maintaining adequate water supply and its wise use
Water consumption Consummation d'eau
- amount of water used for different purposes
Water content Teneur en eau
- the amount of water contained in a given substance or organism, usually expressed in percentage
Watercourse Lit d'un cours d'eau Cours d'eau
- a stream of water, also an artificial channel
- the bed or channel of a river or stream (40)
Water deficit Déficit en eau
- the amount of water lacking for given purposes
Water delivery
- see Water supply
Water discharge
- see discharge
Water edge Rive Littoral
- the line where land and water meet (42)
Waterfall Chute d'eau Cascade
- more or less perpendicular descent of water from a height
Waterfowl Oiseaux d'eau
- a bird that lives on or about the water, especially a swimming game bird (42)
- such birds collectively (42)
Water-gate Vanne Porte d'écluse
- a gate for confining or releasing water (37)
Water haul Pêche nulle
- an empty haul of the fishing-net
Watering-place Abreuvoir
- place in a water-body where animals come or are brought to drink
Water-level Niveau de l'eau
- the horizontal surface of still water. Also, the position of the surface of water (40)
Water lily Nénuphars et autres plantes flottantes à grandes fleurs
- a name loosely given to almost all floating plants with conspicuous flowers, especially to members of Nymphaeaceae family
Water management Aménagement des ressources en eau
- management of land and natural water resources in such a manner that the combined use of the water provides maximum benefits for all concerned
Watermill Moulin à eau
- mill driven by water
Water needs Besoins en eau
- over-all amount of water needed for satisfying given demands
Water plants Plantes aquatiques
- all plants growing in, or connected with water environment
Water pollution Pollution de l'eau
- any impairment of the suitability of water for any beneficial human use, actual or potential, by any foreign material added thereto (44)
Water protection Protection de l'eau
- practices preventing damage to water resources and ensuring their proper quality (49)
Water purification
- see Treatment of…
Water resources Ressources en eau
- over-all amount of water on the area considered
Watershed Bassin versant
- the line separating two river systems
- whole catchment area of river system (39)
Water shortage
- see Water deficit
Waterside Rives
- the shore of a body of water
Water supply Alimentation en eau Ressources en eau Réservoir d'eau
- the amount of water available for different purposes
- a system for storing and supplying water
Water surface
- see Surface
Water system Système fluvial
- a rivèr with all its tributaries, considered as hydrologic unit (42)
Water vegetation
- see Water plants
Weed Plante aquatique
- a plant that grows wild in fresh or salt water (40)
Weed cutter Bateau faucardeur
- boat provided in front with cutting beams or other cutting instruments and operated by a motor (36)
Weed fish Espèce indésirable
- an unwanted fish species (in given conditions)
Weed hook Croc
- a curved instrument for drawing water plants ashore
Weed-killer Herbicide
- a chemical or other production (usually poisonous) for destroying weeds, used especially in pond fish culture
Weedy water Eau envahie par la végétation
- any body of water or its place overgrown with aquatic plants
Weight at recruitment Poids au recrutement
- weight of fish when recruited to fishable stock
Weight-length relationship Relation poids-longueur
- relation between the weight and length of individual fishes, usually in form of an exponential curve, various for different species and often different fish stocks of the same species (24)
Weight loss Perte en poids
- decrease in fish weight caused by unfavourable conditions, disease, etc.
Weir Barrage
- stationary fish trap which acts as barrier to fish movements and leads fish into pots (22)
- dam or barrier to raise level of water for different purposes
Well Source Réservoir Vivier
- a spring of water
- a compartment in a fishing-boat admitting water where fish are kept alive
Well-boat Bateau vivier
- fishing-boat having a compartment admitting water for conveying fish alive
Wet-fly Mouche noyée
- a method of fishing with fly immersed in the water
Wicker trap Nasse en osier
- for catching fish, especially eels or crayfish
Wild spawning Reproduction non contrôlée
- in fish culture common term denoting uncontrolled spawning
Wing Aile
- the leader in any fish net
- the forward section of netting of a seine net
Wing net Filet à ailes
- a net having wings
Wintering migration Migration d'hivernage
- a movement away from the spawning or feeding grounds to the overwintering grounds (25)
Wintering pond Etang d'hivernage
- pond for over-wintering fish, especially second year carp
Winterkill Mortalité massive d'hiver
- the sudden mortalities of fish which occur in winter, usually as a direct result of suffocation (3)
Winter resistance Résistance aux conditions hivernales
- an ability of an organism to sustain unfavourable winter conditions, especially in reference to fish-fry
Whitebait Petite friture Boëtte blanche
- a silvery-white small fish, chiefly fry, served as a delicacy
- a piece of fish put on the hook and acting as bait
Wobbler spoon Cuiller baladeuse
- an artificial lure attached to the leader at one end causing it to whip and wobble from side to side as it is drawn through the water (53)
Worm Ver
- popular name applied to almost any kind of elongated, soft-bodied invertebrates (usually used as bait for fish, e.g., earth worm)
Worm-fishing Pêche au ver
- fishing with worms for bait
Yard seine
- see Beach seine
Year class Classe d'âge
- a brood of fish born in a given year (1)
- a group of animals spawned close together in time during any one year (6)
- the fish spawned or hatched in a given year (27)
Yearling Yearling Poisson d'un an
- fish of any age between one and two years from date of hatching (9)
Year-round fishery Pêche s'effectuant toute l'année
- fishery carried on throughout the year, without cessation
Yield
- see Production
Yolk sac Vésicule vitelline
- the thin, membranous bag enclosing the yolk of an egg
Zero water level Niveau d'eau de référence
- water level used as a standard for comparison
Zooplankton Zooplancton
- the animal constituents of plankton (8)
- tiny animals which drift with the currents (10)
- the animal portion of the planktonic organisms (17)
