المنتدى العالمي المعني بالأمن الغذائي والتغذية

Consultation
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115

Sustainable agricultural development for food security and nutrition, including the role of livestock - E-consultation to set the track of the study

At its 41st session in October 2014, the CFS has requested the HLPE to prepare a study on Sustainable agricultural development for food security and nutrition, including the role of livestock, to feed into CFS debates at the CFS Plenary session of October 2016.

As part of its report elaboration process, the HLPE is launching an e-consultation to seek views and comments on the following scope and building blocks of the report, outlined below, as proposed by the HLPE Steering Committee. Part A will set the context, drivers and challenges. Part B, exploring pathways, will constitute the greater part of the report.

Please note that in parallel to this scoping consultation, the HLPE is calling for interested experts to candidate to the Project Team for this report. The Project Team will be selected by end January 2015 and work from February 2015 to April 2016. The call for candidature is open until 22 January 2015; visit the HLPE website www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe for more details.

Proposed draft Scope of the HLPE Report by the HLPE Steering Committee

A) Context: drivers and challenges
  1. The HLPE report will begin with a critical assessment of existing projections of future food demand, including animal-sourced food. It will review projections by FAO and other foresight reports with particular reference to the rapid escalation of the demand for animal-source foods and feed, edible oils and non-food products, including the assumptions which are grounding these projections, on evolution of diets as well as on food losses and waste, and trade.   
  2. The report will then assess implications (challenges and opportunities) of these trends for:
    1. food security and nutrition (in particular nutrient deficiencies, obesity and chronic diseases),  the realization of the right to food, highlighting gender considerations, as well as inequalities;
    2. access to land and natural resources;
    3. agricultural production and productivity increases;
    4. economic development;
    5. the health of the environment and ecosystems, including climate change and biodiversity.

B) Achieving sustainable agricultural development for food security and nutrition

  1. In the light of these projections, the report will review the sustainability challenges for crop and livestock-based agricultural and food systems, including pastoral systems, in diverse agro-ecosystems and for various farm sizes, taking account of threats to the sustainability of these systems, including animal diseases, pest and diseases, and energy needs.
  2. The report will identify objectives and elements of sustainable approaches to agriculture, including livestock, ensuring food security and nutrition for all without compromising the economic, environmental and social bases for the food security and nutrition of future generations. It will identify critical priorities (“tipping points” that need absolutely to be addressed) and objectives. All three dimensions of sustainability will be included and the report will consider relevant metrics.
  3. The report will explore pathways towards sustainable crop and livestock-based systems, and options for managing the transition to sustainable systems:
    1. Given the role of livestock as an engine for the development of the agriculture and food sector, as a driver of major economic, social and environmental changes in food systems worldwide, particular attention will be paid to the role of livestock in these pathways.
    2. The investigation will encompass practices, including agro-ecological practices, diversification at all scales, as well as broader perspectives from food chains to food systems (including consumption patterns), local versus global approaches, trade and investment.
    3. The report will identify barriers to change, including in institutions, organizations, policies and governance, and potential options to overcome them.
    4. It will cover the enabling environment necessary to trigger or accompany transition: the role of public policies and tools to promote and facilitate transition to sustainable systems.
  4. Conclusions and recommendations for policies and actions.

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Naveen Kalra

IARI, New Delhi
India

I have 36 years of multi-disciplinary research and teaching experience, worked extensiveli in water and nutrients management, developed various crop simulation tools for agri-production estimates, characterized climate change and its variability through growth and yield of crops and cropping systems, environmental impact assessment, resource conservation technologies. I hereby attach a file to briefly highlight the sustainability concerns and options to ensure higher productivity under intensive agricultural activities.

See the attachments:

David Cobon

University of Southern Queensland
Australia

Agricultural systems throughout the world (particularly pastoral) experience extremes of climate variability (precipitation, temperature etc.) on a range of timescales e.g. hydrological cycle of droughts and floods, which is a major driver of pasture, crop and livestock production. However there are regional examples of agricultural decision makers successfully managing climate variability (e.g. in parts of Australia through the use of tools that use scientific understanding of MJO, ENSO and QBO), but globally the uptake of climate services is relatively low. Improving the knowledge and understanding of decision makers of the climate systems that influence local climate and providing tools that are relevant and customised can help manage climate variability and maintain food security. This is one issue and is important for parts A2c, B3, B4, B5abcd. 

Lizzy Igbine

Nigerian women agro allied farmers association.
Nigeria

Food Security must be advanced to include food safety and Nutrition. We can not have food security in the absence of food safety and care of different needs, this is where food safety comes in.

Food safety must be insured with a minimun Nourishment of vital ingridients, vitamins and Proteins. This though looks common are not always available to the downthrodden and the poor.We need specific intervetion, and programs to drive down the effects of poor food chains and alrutition.

There is need to articulate  Country wide and regional interventions, towards checkin this menace.

Areas of iintervention must be specific, example, food fortification, school feeding programs, food champions, and food Heros.

Role of women and there Contributions to food security, food safety and nutrition must always be emphasaied, to encourage more women participation.

We may not wait for huge Government Budgets to achive this goal. 

 

Andrew Daudi

Malawi

The rains now with Climate Change and depletion of the Ozone Layer are dodgy. When it rains, you find that there is a lot of sunshine and very hot even removing some of the benefits of the water just rained. In Malawi, we have just received heavy rains continuous for three days in Zomba district and this is cause for alarm. Farmers should make sure to grow other food crops in case maize fails. These include sorghum, millets, rice, European potato, sweet potato and plantains. Majority of farmers start planting these crops when they see that there is drought, no. We need to plant now with these rains and when drought comes, root establishment is already in place and will grow with little moisture except rice. Malawi is blessed with a lot of water bodies like Lakes and rivers and we need to take advantage of these waters. Irrigation can play a critical role on food crop sustainability. The other crucial issue on food is the diversification of our eating habits. Maize is foreign, the Center of diversity is Central America and we can diversify our eating habits with these different foods that we have in Malawi and other countries.

Livestock plays a crucial role in food production: Meat, eggs, milk and milk products, manure, hides and skins, sale of the actual livestock for cash to buy food can sustain food and nutrition. Some livestock farmers keep large herds even when there is no grass. Need to sell some stock and maintain a few. The money can be used to purchase food.

Dr. Andrew T Daudi

Alpha Oumar Bah

Ministère Environnement Eaux et Forets
Guinea

Un élément clé de la gestion intégrée des risques climatiques dans l’agriculture est la fourniture de produits d’information météorologiques et climatiques pouvant aider concrètement les agriculteurs, les éleveurs et les pêcheurs à gérer activement leurs risques et à améliorer les opportunités à l’échelon local. Le but premier de la gestion des risques de catastrophes est d’accroître la résilience des moyens d’existence ruraux, et de mieux informé en vue d’une planification et d’une prise de décisions tenant compte du climat. Les risques climatiques actuels et futurs touchent de près les agriculteurs et les décideurs qui s’efforcent de répondre aux exigences de développement. Les approches préventives pour la gestion des risques climatiques au niveau national et local peuvent aider les responsables politiques et les communautés à mieux comprendre et à mieux affronter ces risques. Des mesures de réduction des vulnérabilités et de renforcement des capacités pour accroître la résilience sont un bon investissement, quels que soient les changements qui peuvent intervenir aujourd’hui ou à l’avenir. En fournissant des produits adéquats comportant des horizons d’impacts, des avis de politiques mieux informés et des alternatives de gestion adaptées localement en fonction des besoins de l’agriculteur, les institutions affilies telques la FAO aideront à réduire sensiblement les impacts négatifs du changement climatique. Au niveau de la mise en œuvre, l’approche conjugue la promotion de la gestion actuelle des risques de catastrophes au renforcement des capacités (à la fois techniques et institutionnelles) pour l’adaptation à moyen et long terme au climat, intégrant ainsi quatre aspects principaux: • renforcement des capacités à différents échelons pour interpréter et communiquer les informations climatiques pertinentes, et conseiller les communautés locales sur comment se préparer aux risques et exploiter les opportunités; • renforcement des capacités institutionnelles et techniques des gouvernements, des organisations de la société civile et des communautés pour l’évaluation des risques et des vulnérabilités locales, et la formulation de plans et politiques de développement sensibles au climat; • promotion de solutions d’adaptation pratiques et démonstration d’investissements spécifiques au site pour encourager le développement face à la variabilité du climat et aux risques futurs de changement climatique, et • promotion du renforcement et du partage de connaissances sur le changement climatique par des activités de sensibilisation, de gestion des risques et d’élaboration de politiques sensibles au genre.

Abdelbasit Yagoub

Sudan
Introduction Introduction:
The evolution of the concept of development in the last two decades substantially, and the form of human development defined in a broad sense to Amartya Sen quantum leap in the humanization of the development process where Amartya knows the age of development such as expanding options for humans, through the provision of capacity for individuals, such as the provision of education and health, and to provide opportunities for them to participate in the production process.
Classical theory says nursed output National because he cared for the cause of development, that is, if we have achieved a great rate in the growth of the GNP, we spend on the problem of unemployment. If we spent on the problem of unemployment, we automatically we would have spent on the problem of poverty. The new perception of the meaning of development, says the problem of poverty and nursed it will take care of the national output. Ie if we spent on the problem Fiqrfanna call competencies, skills, and employ all the workforce will become more productive and production and thus GNP, which means building on human development, Meaning is the new development means that man is the goal of development and its device.
The multidimensional poverty which is designed to characterize the cases of severe deprivation faced by individuals at the same time measurement, and identifies the multiple indicator dials for the deprivation suffered by the families in the area of health, education and living standards are more detailed than the human poverty scale. (United Nations Development Programme, 2010)
Known as the northern state as agricultural state of thanks to God endowed him of the great agricultural resources was the breadth of agricultural turf and that nearly 649 km2, or about 86 million acres, part of its territory is valid for agricultural investment (14 million acres), other than forest lands and pastures. And has a population of the northern state according to the latest census in 2008, about 800 thousand people. Agriculture is the backbone in the lives of most or all of the state's population and the most important sectors, most notably in the state's economy, and absorb about 80% of employment in addition to it is the main source of food production, and earns all rural residents who represent 86.2% of the total population of the state living from agricultural activities. (Agricultural renaissance 2012).
Study Problem Study problem:
Contribute to education, health care and social organization in empowering individuals to participate in the growth. The balance between the sectors, especially to take care of the rural sector, and to increase the speed and nature of work opportunities, a key factor in determining the extent of the contribution of growth in income distribution. While governments do not always ensure access services to each individual. This requires the provision of basic social services for all, because these services are the basis for economic growth in the long term, it leads to the formation of workforce enjoys good health and scientific achievement. It is not necessary that the public sector shall secure all of these services, but the state's responsibility is to ensure that every citizen on the basic components of human development. Investment in human development is not only a moral imperative, it is a choice justified because the health, education and social welfare are key factors for success in a fast-changing global economy dominated the competition. And investment in human development should be directed to the benefit of the poor.
The low level of education is an obstacle to upgrading the capacity of households to small farmers and technological introduction of new technological methods. As well as the health impact on the ability of households to small farmers to work and prosperity, and the evidence suggests a correlation between improved health status and improved social status and economic relationship. The electricity supply can contribute to poverty reduction through increased productivity and expand employment opportunities and lengthen the time allocated to study and improve school results, and to support the price of electricity for agriculture are encouraged to extract large amounts of groundwater for the benefit of small farmers. And expand the supply lines of clean drinking water and sanitation services directly contribute to improving the health and to improve indirectly in productivity. The study focuses on the economic and social impacts of multi-dimensional poverty on small farmers of the three-dimensional analysis of poverty, health, education and standard of living and allows focus on poverty analysis of the environmental aspects of deprivation such as the deprivation of the modern cook, clean water and basic sanitation fuel.

 

Themba Phiri

Personal
South Africa

Food and nutrition security continue to play a pivotal role in deciding better livelihoods for the poor. A closer look and link at the two points to the fact that development practitioners need to come up with tangible innovations that can address the two. The crops and livestock nexus plays a big role in food and nutrition programs, in that we have to tailor make programs that address firstly the design of land use patterns, this will lead us to what interventions farmers and communities can pursue. Looking at the role of livestock for both meat, milk, and fertilizer, we need to design land use patterns that will align well with proper livestocking rates. With the correct livestock carrying capacities and stocking rates, livelihoods for poor communities will be enhanced. However more land is being opened by farmers for crop production and the products from the crops are not being channeled to the livestock sector, in order to build and sustain this nexus there is need also to build the capacity of smallholder farmers in feed formulation and stock managment.

Addresing these will narrow the yield gap of crops and increase nutrition and at the same time livestock offtake rates will greatly enhanced.

Evans Odhioambo Opany

Close Range Ent. Community Empowerment Centre
Kenya

The comments on scope is wide enough to capture most important issues in any region. But due to differences in technologie and experience in different regions globally. We need to look at how best to inform issues affecting suatainable agriculture per region or country. Focusing on how arid, semi arid ,desert area can be improved for agriculture and livestocks management.

Looking at east Africa region capacity to feed its population, even in areas affected by War ;South Sudan,Somali .