FAO framework for introduced aquatic species

Introduced Salmon (Salmo salar) in Chili.

FAO has more than 20 years of experience dealing with international introductions of aquatic species, and has established the following framework with four basic elements: international mechanisms, implementation tools, information sources, and means to deal with uncertainty.

International mechanism

The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries sets out principles and international standards of behaviour for responsible practices with a view to ensuring the effective conservation, management and development of living aquatic resources, with due respect for the ecosystem and biodiversity. This code is voluntary, and was adopted by the FAO Members.

An agreement on implementing international mechanisms dealing with introductions of aquatic species is the ICES code of practice on the introductions and transfers of marine organisms. This Code sets forth recommended procedures and practices to diminish the risks of detrimental effects from the intentional introduction and transfer of marine (including brackish water) organisms.
An opinionnaire (Annex III, page 194), containing a series of questions, can also be used to decide if an introduction is justified.

An example of a less general agreement is the document containing the Asia regional technical guidelines on health-management for the responsible movement of live aquatic animals and the Beijing consensus and implementation strategy. These guidelines specifically address the transfer of pathogens (diseases) related to the transfer of aquatic species. They provide expert guidance for national and regional efforts in reducing the risks of disease due to trans-boundary movement of live aquatic animals.

The Database on Introductions of Aquatic Species (DIAS) currently contains over 5500 records on first time introductions and the effects (socio-economic and ecological) of these introductions. People who want to know more about previous species introductions can consult the database and make a more informed decision on the benefits and risks of a potential introduction.
Users aware of other introductions of aquatic species not already included in the database or that have additional information on the records in the database are requested to fill in the Input Form . Periodically this information will be validated and added to the database.

Click here to learn how to install DIAS.

The document "Precautionary approach to capture fisheries and species introduction" proposes a definition of the precautionary approach to fisheries as well as an elaboration on the burden of proof. Guidelines are provided on species introduction, voluntary or accidental (including through ballast water and sediment discharge), recognizing the difficulty of ensuring a precautionary approach in relation to that issue.