全球粮食安全与营养论坛 (FSN论坛)

意见征集

为提高农业粮食体系的可持续性、包容度和韧性, 粮农组织如何能够更好地支持各国应对农业粮食体系转型治理问题?

若干年以来,围绕推动农业粮食体系转型并提高其可持续性、韧性、包容度和平等性的迫切需要的认识不断加深。

我们如何理解农业粮食体系和系统方法?

农业粮食体系涵盖食物(例如谷类、蔬菜、鱼类、水果和牲畜)从农场到 餐桌的全过程,包括种植、收获、加工、包装、运输、流通、交易、购买、制备、 食用和丢弃。该体系还包括构成生计的非食品类产品(例如林业、动物饲养、 饲料使用、使用原料和生物质生产生物燃料,以及纤维),以及在人们获取粮食 和农产品的过程中发挥作用的所有人和活动、投资、选择。” (nf243zh.pdf (fao.org)糧農組織大會第42屆會議):

鉴于认识到系统是由一系列能够达成多重目标的复杂且相互关联的组成部分构成的,那么某种系统方法则有助于各种不同主体理解系统的构架及其运行方式。通过共同对其不同组成部分进行梳理,查找各种动因及其之间的关联并确定可能采取的行动步骤,系统方法能够有助于厘清何为关键问题以及需要做出决定的症结所在。

农业粮食体系在挽救和加速实现可持续发展目标进展方面能够发挥重要作用;可持续和有韧性的农业粮食体系在对可持续发展的社会、经济和环境层面发挥积极影响方面拥有巨大潜力。在粮安委2021年批准《粮食体系与营养自愿准则》[1]之后,2021年9月召开了联合国粮食体系峰会,最近又于2023年7月召开了联合国粮食体系峰会阶段成果总结推进大会。尽管在推动农业粮食体系转型、提高其可持续性、韧性、包容度和平等性的必要性方面似乎达成了协议和共识,但对各国而言,有关政策法律和治理要求[2]和影响仍有待进行更明晰的阐发。世界范围数十年的发展努力已经证明,狭隘的方法和技术上的缝缝补补乏善可陈,特别是从长远角度看。数据、技术和创新可以成为农业粮食体系转型的强大动力,但务必要辅之以适当的有利环境治理体系。正如联合国秘书长在其报告中所说的那样[3],通往转型的路径要求进行“全面的规划、协作以及对潜在折衷、合力和国际溢出效益的权衡”且“各国将需要应对针对变革可能产生的抗拒和政治反作用力的问题”。

        在推动实现农业粮食体系转型的过程中,需要克服的某些主要障碍包括缺乏政策连贯性和协调、主要利益相关者能力和参与不足、各国国内和各国之间性别不平等和社会经济差距加大以及事关政治经济核心与农业粮食体系掌控的权力和经济利益不对称问题。例如,旨在保护生物多样性和缓解气候变化的举措可能影响收入水平最低人群和依赖自然资源为生的人群的权利;旨在通过更严格法规的方式应对肥胖问题的举措可能影响销售深加工产品私营企业的经济利益;农业生产从依赖外部投入品的模式向更可持续、对化学品依赖度更低的模式逐步转变,把生产更多样性食物供当地消费放在优先地位,满足生计和社区营养双重目标这一做法似乎仍与主流模式格格不入。

        此外,在很多情况下,政策和法规与转型目标没有衔接,不适应现有制度安排、政治架构、不断增加的不平等现象和能力水平。但这些因素对于这些政策和法规(是否)能够在实地得以实施并产生预想结果具有重大影响。

召集人:

Corinna Hawkes,农业粮食体系及食品安全司 (ESF) 司长

Donata Rugarabamu,法律顾问

Stefanos Fotiou,可持续发展目标办公室(OSG)主任

 

本次征集通知的原由

        上述问题影响到粮农组织妥善支持成员国设计和实施推动可持续农业粮食体系转型路径的能力。因此这对于本组织继续思考应如何把粮食和农业相关政策作为一个“系统”、而非推动实现某个共同目标的多个行动加以看待十分关键。

        正是在这一背景下,可持续发展目标办公室、农业粮食体系及食品安全司、治理及政策支持处及发展法处共同组织开展本次在线征集活动,面向各利益相关者采集有关对农业粮食体系具有转型意义的与治理有关的举措和干预措施实例

        我们邀请各位提供有关下列举措/干预措施的信息:

  • 面向系统的工作方式的制度机制/治理安排;
  • 使政策和法规与转型目标保持一致的举措;
  • 农业粮食体系跨领域工作的预算编制和资金安排;
  • 平衡农业粮食体系权力和决策非对称性的举措,包括通过性别响应型和性别变革型方法;
  • 针对农业粮食体系中不均衡和不平等现象的补救措施;
  • 关于如何衡量这些举措的影响的具体手段和证据。

        提交内容应当从经济、社会和环境角度着眼上述领域的转型努力,应阐明对有关转型变革[4]进行潜在记载和衡量的方式。

        各位提交内容的结果将供粮农组织与各国政府和其他利益相关者为提高农业粮食体系包容度、韧性和可持续性而围绕政策、法规和治理开展合作时参考。

        收到的意见建议汇编将在本磋商网页上向公众提供。欢迎大家查阅有关文件和资源,获取参考文献中罗列的有关农业粮食体系转型的更详尽信息。

        本征集通知截至2024年4月1日。

如何参加本次征集通知

       要参加本次征集通知活动此前未注册者请在粮食安全与营养论坛上注册注册者请登录。请下载六种联合国语言中任意版本的提交模板(英文、法文、西班牙文、俄文、阿拉伯文和中文)并在网页“粘贴意见和建议”表框中上载填写完毕的表格。提交内容字数请限制在2,000字内,可以添加相关支持材料附件。获取任何技术支持,、下载或上载提交模板,请发送电子邮件至 [email protected]


        我们提前对各位的贡献表示感谢并期待从各位的经验中汲取教益。

共同主持人

Dubravka Bojic,治理及政策处(DDCG)项目官员

Jose Valls,粮食体系及食品安全司政策官员

Margret Vidar,发展法处(LEGN)法务官员

Hajnalka Petrics,可持续发展目标办公室项目官员

Olena Ovchynnikova,OSG 技術官


[1] 粮安委《粮食体系与营养自愿准则》由2021年2月8-11日举行的粮安委第47届会议批准。   CFS_VGs_Food_Systems_and_Nutrition_Strategy_ZH.pdf (fao.org) .

[2] 治理系指“公共和私人主体藉以声张利益并做出和落实决定的正式和非正式规则、组织以及程序”(https://www.fao.org/3/mg015c/mg015c.pdf)。

[3] 粮食体系造福人民与地球,联合国粮食体系峰会阶段成果总结推进大会秘书长报告。第20页。unfss2-secretary-general-report.pdf (unfoodsystemshub.org)

[4] 请注意“转型变革”是指创新性、前瞻性变革,有别于仅着眼解决表层问题或症状的“因循守旧”的做法。“转型变革”能导致根本性要素和动因的变革,从而促成问题的解决。


参考文献 

  1. 粮安委,2023。 粮食安全与营养背景下性别平等与妇女和女童赋权自愿准则
  2. 粮安委,2021。粮食体系与营养自愿准则。
  3. 粮农组织,2018。推动粮食和农业转型促进实现可持续发展目标。指导决策者的20项相互关联的行动
  4. 粮农组织,2021。 农业粮食体系转型。改善营养和可持续性的立法举措,供公共磋商的初步版本
  5. Bojić, D.Clark, M. Urban, K2022。 聚焦治理提高政策和技术支持的有效性。治理与政策支持框架文件。罗马,粮农组织。 
  6. Gobena, A. Vidar, M. 2023。 农业与自然资源治理 – 推动包容和可持续转型的法律工具。法务简报,第12号。罗马,粮农组织。
  7. 粮农组织。2023。 粮农组织与可持续发展目标。通过当地社区赋权实现2030议程。 罗马,粮农组织。
  8. 联合国。2023。 2023全球可持续发展报告。危机时刻,变革时刻:加速可持续发展转型的学问。 联合国经社部。

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Je propose que la FAO lance des appels à projets après avoir mis en place un secrétariat comme le fait actuellement le G20 , après sélection des projets ce secrétariat qui sera doté d'un budget dédié au financement de projets travaillera en étroite collaboration avec leurs représentons par pays et les Gouvernements de ces pays pour aider les promoteurs identifié à implémenter leurs projets à grande échelle avec l'assistance financière delà FAO et l'assistance technique des experts de la FAO et des gouvernements respectifs.

Toute fois les projets déjà existant dans la base de données de la FAO doivent être être doivent être enrôlé dans ce programme.

教授 Ahmad Mahdavi

University of Tehran/ and Sustainable agriculture and environment.
伊朗(伊斯兰共和国)

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) can better support countries in addressing governance of agrifood systems transformation by providing technical assistance, capacity building, policy advice, and facilitating knowledge sharing among countries. FAO can help countries develop and implement policies and strategies that promote sustainable, inclusive, and resilient agrifood systems.

One way FAO can support countries is by assisting in the development of multi-stakeholder platforms that bring together government, private sector, civil society, and other actors to collaborate on addressing governance challenges in agrifood systems. FAO can also help countries strengthen their institutions and regulatory frameworks to ensure effective governance of agrifood systems.

Additionally, FAO can support countries in monitoring and evaluating the impact of their policies and interventions on agrifood systems transformation, and provide guidance on how to improve their approaches based on evidence and best practices.

For more information on how FAO supports countries in addressing governance of agrifood systems transformation, you can visit the FAO website at: http://www.fao.org/governance-of-agrifood-systems-transformation.

 

博士 Vijay Singh Meena

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)
印度

Reflecting on the intervention/measure discussed above, it's evident that the journey towards transforming agrifood systems for sustainability, inclusivity, and resilience is multifaceted, challenging, yet immensely promising. At its core lies a profound commitment to fostering positive change, empowering communities, and advancing the global agenda for sustainable development. Here, I delve into personal reflections on the key messages and takeaways gleaned from this intervention, interwoven with relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Inclusivity emerges as a foundational principle, underpinned by the imperative to prioritize marginalized communities' needs and voices. This resonates deeply with SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), embodying a commitment to leave no one behind in the pursuit of sustainable development. By ensuring equitable access to resources, opportunities, and decision-making processes, we lay the groundwork for a more just and inclusive agrifood system.

Sustainability emerges as a guiding ethos, necessitating a holistic approach that transcends narrow economic interests and embraces the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic dimensions. This aligns closely with SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), emphasizing the imperative to adopt regenerative agricultural practices, mitigate climate change impacts, and safeguard natural resources for future generations.

Empowerment emerges as a potent catalyst for change, embodied in efforts to build farmers' capacities, elevate their agency, and foster participatory approaches to decision-making. This mirrors the spirit of SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), emphasizing the transformative potential of empowering women, enhancing livelihoods, and promoting inclusive governance in agrifood systems.

Collaboration emerges as a linchpin for success, underscoring the importance of forging partnerships among diverse stakeholders to leverage collective expertise, resources, and networks. This echoes the essence of SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), emphasizing the power of collaboration in mobilizing global action, fostering knowledge exchange, and catalyzing transformative change in agrifood systems.

Adaptation emerges as an imperative, necessitating a nimble, iterative approach to address evolving challenges and opportunities in agrifood systems. This reflects the ethos of resilience embedded within SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), highlighting the importance of innovation, technology transfer, and adaptive management practices in building resilient food systems.

Accountability emerges as a cornerstone of effective governance, epitomized by robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that track progress, measure impact, and ensure transparency and accountability. This echoes the ethos of SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), emphasizing the importance of accountable institutions, rule of law, and transparent governance in advancing sustainable development goals.

In essence, the intervention/measure serves as a poignant reminder of the transformative potential inherent within agrifood systems to drive positive change, promote human well-being, and safeguard planetary health. As we navigate the complexities and uncertainties of the 21st century, let us heed these key messages and takeaways, forging a collective path towards a more sustainable, inclusive, and resilient future for all.

The Seqota declaration is the Ethiopian government’s commitment to end stunting in children under two by the year 2030. It is a multisectoral and multistakholders’ initiative to implement nutrition sensitive, nutrition specific and climate smart infrastructure interventions.  The declaration adapts the food system approach and has a 15 years’ road map divided into three phases; innovation, expansion and scale-up phases. Currently, the expansion phase is under implementation in 240 woredas (districts) throughout the country. 

Policy reform is first priority 
1. Redefine Rural Development as central focus area for FAO technical assistance on the topics
    institutional development is key area for formulation of policies and implementation of programs and facilitation of suitable             funding mechanisms 
2. Reorganize FAO organizational set up with regional representation of well financially equipped rural development experts 
    at HQ level regular consultation on policy and program priorities with regional rural development experts and partner      agencies incl UN, ILO IFAD,etc and Intergovernmental regional bodies, relevant representative NGO rural development research and development organisations  
3. Facilitate regional and international networking and technical collaboration on rural development policy at country level    
    regional and country level networking with government agencies concerned and with relevant non governmental agencies in particular those which directly represent small farmers rural producers and formal and informal research educational institutions   
Without FAO rural development policy reform any "case study" has limited or no relevance.
For case studies which are concrete examples of How To Do  see FAO ,ILO,IFAD and UN Libraries and Library of US Congress 
 
Regards
Wim Polman  

Here are some potential ways FAO can better support countries in addressing governance of agrifood systems transformation:

1. Enhance stakeholder engagement and inclusivity:

  • Facilitate multi-stakeholder dialogues and platforms where diverse actors (farmers, private sector, civil society, policymakers) can voice their needs and collaboratively develop solutions.
  • Support capacity building of marginalized groups (women, youth, indigenous communities) to strengthen their participation in decision-making processes.
  • Promote transparency and accountability mechanisms in governance structures.

2. Offer tailored guidance and tools:

  • Develop context-specific toolkits and guidelines on effective governance arrangements for various agrifood system challenges (e.g., sustainable production, climate change adaptation, food security).
  • Conduct needs assessments and provide technical assistance to countries in designing and implementing their own agrifood system transformation plans.
  • Support knowledge exchange and learning platforms where countries can share best practices and challenges related to governance.

3. Strengthen legal and policy frameworks:

  • Assist countries in reviewing and revising existing policies and laws to align with sustainable and inclusive agrifood system goals.
  • Support the development of new legislation and regulations that address emerging challenges (e.g., digitalization, access to land and water).
  • Advocate for international policies that promote equitable and sustainable food systems globally.

4. Invest in data and evidence-based decision-making:

  • Support countries in collecting and analyzing data on various aspects of their agrifood systems (e.g., production, consumption, trade, nutrition).
  • Build capacity for data analysis and interpretation to inform effective policy and investment decisions.
  • Develop monitoring and evaluation frameworks to track progress towards national and international food system goals.

5. Leverage financial resources and partnerships:

  • Mobilize financial resources from diverse sources (public, private, philanthropic) to support governance-related initiatives in agrifood systems transformation.
  • Foster partnerships with other international organizations, research institutions, and NGOs to leverage expertise and resources.
  • Advocate for increased investments in international cooperation and development assistance to support developing countries in achieving sustainable food systems.

Under the present governance system, focus of the public sector organization has been on: i) Livestock Extension, breeding and health coverage; ii) Livestock Research, vaccine, diagnosis and nutrition; iii) Livestock Education, veterinary medicine; iv) Agric Extension/Research, Fodder/Crops Production & Mngt; v) Deputy Commissioner, price capping, no Quality Control; vi) Legal courts, export ban; vii) SMEDA, little focused attempts; viii) KPCCI, low priority; ix) Public Health Services, low priority; x) ORIC Offices of Universities, underutilized. It has led to missing entrepreneurship/ exports/ Quality Control/ Traceability/ Halal aspects of the livestock-based food value chain.

As National Consultant FAO (Livestock), this author suggested establishment of LTs under KP Livestock Action Plan 2019, as autonomous bodies which would explore and enhance the capacity of the public sector organizations to support entrepreneurship development across the Livestock Value Chain. It will contribute to Environmental Sustainability through good practices, Social Sustainability through empowerment of the farmers’ community and Economic Sustainability through development of a network of entrepreneurship models in livestock farming, products processing and service delivery, targeted at generation of decent employment and exportable food surpluses. 

The principle of "Thinking Globally, Acting Locally" profoundly aligns with the Dairy Science Park's mission, aiming to harness livestock resources to create a network of entrepreneurial models that generate sustainable employment and exportable surpluses. Despite facing resistance from influential stakeholders in large-scale projects, the initiative has found strong support among stakeholders throughout the livestock value chain, particularly those striving for survival and advancement.

This transformative vision originated from discussions between Prof M Subhan Qureshi and Dr. Abdur Rahman Ilyas at the 2010 Industrial Biotech Conference in Cairo, culminating in the establishment of the "Dairy Science Park" in 2011 at the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Since its inception, the initiative has garnered backing from local farming communities, allied sectors, Chief Minister GoKP, and esteemed international organizations like FAO-UN, ITC-UN, and ASRT-Egypt, underscoring its broad recognition and endorsement.

Despite receiving support across various fronts, tangible implementation in the public sector remains pending. Nonetheless, private partners and individuals have embraced the concept, albeit on a limited scale, delving into the industrial aspects of livestock resources to promote entrepreneurship. This endeavor has already yielded the production of Halal and hygienic foods/biotech products for both local and international markets.

The transformative potential of converting livestock resources into entrepreneurial models through livestock technoparks extends beyond borders and offers promise for replication in numerous developing countries and regions, signaling a pathway toward sustainable economic development.

We feel based on the President Javier Milei's character and ingenuity and Argentina's agricultural potential and history that Argentina COULD BE a primary leader by great distance to martial in the diverse agriculture, that all of us real naturalists, and nutritionists, know we need! 

We are in Buenos Aires now soliciting a consultation. Look at the attached .pdf to get in contact.

Subject: Proposal to Revolutionize Argentina's Agricultural Sector

Dear Administration of Argentina of Javier Milei,

I am writing to you on behalf of Nutritional Diversity, an entity deeply committed to advancing sustainable and innovative agricultural practices worldwide. Our mission is to foster environments where both agriculture and nutrition flourish, in harmony with nature, to build healthier societies. It is with great enthusiasm that we reach out to the Argentine government under the visionary leadership of President Javier Milei, to propose a collaboration aimed at transforming Argentina into a global beacon of agricultural innovation and nutritional excellence.

Argentina, with its rich agricultural history and vast, fertile lands, stands at the cusp of a new era. The country's potential to lead in the production of diverse, nutritious food is unparalleled, and we believe that through strategic partnership, we can unlock this potential to not only benefit Argentina but also set a precedent for the rest of the world. Our proposal is twofold, focusing on the introduction of tested diverse agricultural alternatives, and the cultivation of a culture of responsibility and care for nature.

Innovative Agricultural Practices: Leveraging the latest in agricultural science, we propose to introduce cutting-edge, sustainable farming techniques that diversify crop production beyond traditional staples. This includes the adoption of permaculture, agroforestry, and regenerative agricultural practices that improve soil health, increase biodiversity, and yield higher nutritional value crops. Our goal is to demonstrate that diversified agriculture is not only viable but superior in creating resilient food systems.

A Culture of Health and Sustainability: Beyond transforming agricultural practices, we aim to instill a nationwide culture of health, fitness, responsibility, and care for nature. This involves educational initiatives targeting all levels of society, from farmers to consumers, highlighting the importance of nutrition, environmental stewardship, and sustainable consumption patterns. By aligning agriculture with health and environmental goals, Argentina can pioneer a model for a society that values and practices holistic well-being.

We are convinced that under President Milei's leadership, Argentina is perfectly positioned to embrace these changes, fostering innovation and setting new standards for what is possible in agriculture and society at large. Our team at [Your Organization/Company Name] is eager to bring our expertise, resources, and passion to this partnership, working closely with your government to tailor these initiatives to Argentina's unique context and needs.

We believe that together, we can create a legacy of health, sustainability, and prosperity that will inspire generations to come. We are keen to discuss this proposal further and explore how we can align our efforts with Argentina's vision for the future.

Thank you for considering this partnership. We look forward to the opportunity to contribute to Argentina's journey towards becoming the healthiest society with the most responsible and caring approach to nature.

Sincerely,

 

 

 

Dear Colleagues,

Congratulation to your idea for „a better support of countries in addressing governance of agrifood systems“. I think, it may be very helpful to develop simple methods for practical training of the most successful methods. This may possible by simple teaching materials and to demonstrate simple, but successful methods under typical farm conditions.

I will add some ideas/examples:

  • More practical excersises with farmers under farm conditions instead of theoretical courses
  • Availability of simple study-materials for farmers (text with some figures)
  • Experimental fields/gardens for training of farmers (see very impressive examples in India or some other countries)
  • Use of local materials/by-products as fertilizer (no burning of straw and other by-products) and/or animal feed
  • Plant protection (insects etc.)

Best regards

Gerhard Flachowsky

Prof. Dr. G. Flachowsky

Germany