关于制定粮安委《粮食安全与营养范畴内性别平等与妇女和女童赋权自愿准则》的磋商会
越来越多人口无法享有充足食物权。2020年世界上有7.20亿至8.11亿人面临饥饿，比2019年增加1.61亿。新冠肺炎疫情对妇女和女童的影响尤为严重，性别不平等和歧视是根源之一。在这一背景下，需要刻不容缓采取行动来解决在实现性别平等以及在粮食安全与营养范畴内充分实现妇女和女童权利方面阻碍工作进展的各种挑战、差距和障碍。
推动性别平等与妇女和女童赋权事关《可持续发展2030年议程》各项目标的实现，事关世界粮食安全委员会（粮安委）关于消除饥饿和确保人人享有粮食安全与营养愿景的实现。为指导性别平等与妇女和女童赋权工作的推进，粮安委在2019年10月的第46届会议上决定编制《粮食安全与营养范畴内性别平等与妇女和女童赋权自愿准则》。
制定该《准则》的宗旨是支持政府、发展伙伴和其他利益相关者通过适当的政策、投资和制度安排来推动性别平等以及妇女和女童的权利和赋权，将其作为他们根除饥饿、粮食不安全和营养不良工作的组成部分。《准则》的目的提高性别平等与妇女和女童赋权与粮食安全和营养议程之间的政策一致性并促进采取相辅相成的政策措施。
在2021年2月粮安委批准 《准则内容纲要》 之后起草了 《准则预稿》 《准则预稿》，作为磋商过程的基础文本，这一磋商过程包括 六个区域磋商会 (拉丁美洲和加勒比、欧洲和中亚、近东、非洲、亚洲和太平洋以及北美洲）以及本次在线磋商会。
粮安委现邀请涉及应对粮食不安全和营养不良问题的所有有关各方1 就《准则预稿》提出反馈意见，该预稿由四部分组成:
- 第一部分介绍《准则》的背景和由来、《准则》的目标、性质及预定受众。
- 第二部分部分提出《准则》的核心基本原则，阐述了粮安委消除饥饿和确保人人享有粮食安全与营养以及在国家粮食安全范畴内逐步实现充足食物权的愿景。
- 第三部分由九个章节/专题组成。每个章节阐发一个供讨论的问题、叙述和相关政策领域。这一部分的目的是对磋商会的讨论加以框定并为文件的后续版本编写提供参考。该部分介绍了有待粮安委利益相关者考虑和讨论的有关问题和专题的初步思路。
- 第四部分包含有关今后《准则》落实及其采用和适用监测方面的条文。
在针对《准则》预稿提出反馈意见时，请各位侧重以下指导性问题:
- 《预稿》是否恰如其分地论及了在实现性别平等以及在粮食安全与营养范畴内充分实现妇女和女童权利方面阻碍工作进展的主要挑战和障碍？若没有，你任务应该如何增补或调整?
- 《预稿》第二部分是否充分体现了《准则》的核心基本原则？若没有，你认为应当如何对这些原则加以改进？
- 《预稿》第三部分的九个章节是否全面涵盖了在实现性别平等以及在粮食安全与营养范畴内充分实现妇女和女童权利方面的有待应对各政策领域？若没有，你认为还应包含什么？
- 《预稿》第四部分是否包含了有效落实和监测《准则》采用和适用情况所需的所有要素？若没有，你建议添加或调整哪些内容？
有关意见可以以任何一种联合国语言（阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文）提出。
磋商进程的结果将供编写《自愿准则初稿》参考，围绕《初稿》的商讨将于2022年春天进行。《准则》最终版本将于2022年10月提交粮安委全会在其第50届会议上讨论批准。
衷心感谢各位参与这一重要进程，确保《准则》的制定倾听到所有声音。
我们期待各位的宝贵意见，共同推动《准则》的达成。
[1] 包括政府；政府间和区域组织，包括联合国机构；民间社会、私营部门；科研院所和学术单位；发展机构，包括国际金融机构和慈善基金会。
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Women and youth females need nutrition awareness programmes and training on income generating activities to enable them to access food with reasonable prices.
Part 3 of the Zero Draft
"Under section 3.2: Elimination of violence and discrimination against women for improved food security and nutrition, No 40 cited indigenous peoples and socially and economically deprived women as being at heightened risk of violence".
I want to state it more clearly that the type of gender violence that is commonly experienced in Nigeria is not sexual abuse but psychological and economical violence as a result of patriarchy. More especially in polygamous households, where the man as head of household mandates the women and girls to work on the family farm without allowing them full access to ownership or use of profit earned to take care of their personal needs. In a situation where the woman is the head of the household, she is not allowed to have full ownership of farmlands or proceeds from ornamental trees or cash crops to raise her kids and take care of her needs.
In section 3.3: Access to education, capacity building, training, knowledge and information services, one of the significant barriers to women and girls' education is early marriage and child marriage mostly caused by an age long tradition that cannot be influenced by civilisation nor religion.
Under the section 3.8 Women and men’s ability to make strategic choices for healthy diets and good nutrition, the following points can be added as part of Problem Statement:
Gender discriminatory norms prevailing in certain communities and societies clearly discriminate adolescent girls and women from their right to access, demand and consume healthy diets. Adolescent girls are made to do domestic chores and compromise on their health and education especially during situations like covid related school closures. This predisposes them to increased risk for anaemia, undernutrition and overweight and obesity (due to consumption of calorie rich foods and compromising on diet quality). Also a lack of decision making power in household expenditure, savings, investment in food and lands etc. is also predominant form of gender inequalities seen across several societies. Several adolescent girls are forced to early marriage and for taking care of their younger siblings depriving their own education and nutrition. Later when they are forced to enter into family life, they are influenced by their in laws and other family members and do not make any reproductive health choices and enter into unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions due to their own poor nutritional profile.
Policy areas for discussion:
Policies should prioritize on girls' nutrition and provision of food through social safety nets for their improved coverage and better health outcomes.
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