Artificial glaciers help Kyrgyzstan meet water needs

Kyrgyzstan, known for its high-altitude terrain, finds itself on the frontline of climate change impacts. With temperatures shifting and peaks becoming more frequent, the country faces escalating aridity and drought, particularly in its mountain pastures. To address the challenge of water scarcity, especially in remote agricultural areas, experts are turning to an innovative solution: artificial glaciers.

With 94% of its territory consisting of mountains, Kyrgyzstan's agricultural sector faces significant hurdles. Access to clean water for drinking and irrigation is a pressing concern, particularly in the southern regions, where summer precipitation is sparse, and winter snowfall is minimal.

In response to these challenges, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has launched the "Shared prosperity through cooperation in border regions of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan" project. A key component of this project is the construction of artificial glaciers, generously funded by the United Nations Peacebuilding Fund. These artificial glaciers aim to preserve water resources and support sustainable agriculture practices in the region.

The first artificial glaciers have already been established in the Uzgen, Kochkor, and Aksy regions of Kyrgyzstan. Matraim Jusupov, an FAO expert in agriculture and water management, explains the process: "water from mountain springs is diverted to lower altitudes, where the energy difference facilitates the formation of ice. These ice towers, which gradually melt over the summer months, provide a reliable water source for irrigation and domestic use, benefiting numerous households and enabling livestock grazing". 

On average, one artificial glacier depending on the amount of accumulated ice, can provide irrigation from 300 to 500 hectares. 

The FAO's efforts have yielded promising results, with more than 20 artificial glaciers now in place across Kyrgyzstan. Remarkably, many of these glaciers were constructed through community collaboration, showcasing local ingenuity and resourcefulness. For example, in the Kashka-Suu village, a communal effort involved 55 individuals.

The initiative not only promotes climate-smart agricultural practices but also fosters environmental and socio-economic cooperation. By addressing historical inequalities in water access, the project aims to harmonize pastoral activities and promote ecological restoration. Additionally, the artificial glaciers offer long-term benefits, reducing the impact of climate hazards and generating income year-round.

Local authorities have recognized the effectiveness of the artificial glaciers and plan to invest in further installations using local funding sources. This integration of local knowledge and experience enriches climate change adaptation strategies and enhances resilience in rural livelihoods.

In the face of mounting climate challenges, initiatives like these underscore the importance of innovative solutions and collaborative efforts in building a sustainable future for Kyrgyzstan and beyond.