For Nigeria, estimates of the investment in WSS required to meet 2015 sector MDG targets range from US$2.5 billion to US$4 billion annually (US$1.7 billion for water supply and US$2.3 billion for sanitation costing-CSO2). . Current spending, whilst being difficult to discern, is around a third of the CSO2 costing estimate.

Togo will not meet its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. Overall the access rates are still very low. National data shows that only one-third of the population has access to an improved source of drinking water and to improved sanitation facilities.

This report assesses the affordability of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in Ghana, using a range of methodologies identified for understanding affordability. With the primary purpose of assessing what measurements can be made for global monitoring.

This report is divided into two parts. Part I provides an analysis of the drought situation in Western Cape, South Africa, as of January 2018. Part II presents an analysis of the medium to long-term spatial patterns and temporal behaviour of climate variables (precipitation and temperature) in Southern Africa.

Water shortages are a major risk in urban areas – including secondary towns and cities – around the world. This Guidance Note was created in response to that risk and describes the implications on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programming for UNICEF staff and partners, with suggested interventions.

Water challenges in the Middle East and North Africa existed for thousands of years. However, the scale and impact of the crisis today is unprecedented. The very survival of children is at stake, with around 41 million people in the region lacking access to safely managed drinking water services and 66 million people lacking basic sanitation services leading to more disease and fragility.

The centerpiece of the SWSW initiative will be a series of regional multi-stakeholder dialogues that culminate in a ‘Science for a Water-Secure World’ conference in early 2023. The aim is to ensure that water science better serves global ambition to accelerate progress on SDG 6 and build water security that will be robust in the face of deepening water risks this century.

Nowhere is water more precious than in an arid country such as Uzbekistan, where agriculture consumes some 90% of the water supply. But while scarce water resources must be distributed fairly, allocating water among individual farmers, agricultural regions, and households can prove to be a complicated undertaking.

Solar irrigation technology has the potential to empower more than 12 million women farmers across Nepal who constitute the backbone of the country’s farming system. In Nepal, managing water for drinking, livestock, sanitation, and homestead irrigation largely remains the responsibility of women and girls.

GIZ currently advises more than 400 water and sanitation companies in 16 countries worldwide on how to improve their services. Since 2010, almost 46 million people have benefited from a more reliable drinking water supply and over 16 million people have improved their sanitation.