| Work Plan Implementation | SCS/80/WP/88 |
| (General) |
 | South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme Report of assistance on selection of site, design, construction and management of the Ban Merbok, Kedah, Malaysia Brackishwater Aquaculture Demonstration Project |
MALAYSIA
by
R.G. Hechanova and B. Tiensongrusmee
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South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme
Manila, Philippines
April 1980
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1.1 Background
1.2 The consultancy
1.3 General area where site is located
1.3.1 Topography
1.3.2 Soil conditions
1.3.3 Tidal conditions
2.1.1 Topography
2.1.2 Vegetation
2.1.3 Tidal condition
2.1.4 Water quality
2.1.5 Availability of fish/shrimp seeds
2.1.6 Occurrence of floods
2.1.7 Weather conditions
2.1.8 Availability of farm inputs
2.1.9 Type of soil
2.2 Findings
2.3 Site selected and why
3.2.1 Rearing pond
3.2.2 Nursery ponds
3.3.1 Design of the main dike
3.3.2 Dike construction
3.3.3 Dike maintenance
3.3.4 Protection of perimeter dike side slopes
3.3.5 Design of the secondary dikes
3.3.6 Design of the tertiary dikes
3.4.1 Design of the main gate
3.4.2 Design of secondary gates (SG)
3.4.3 Design of tertiary gates (TG)
3.5 Water supply/drainage canals
3.5.1 Design of supply canal
3.5.2 Design of drainage canal
3.6.1 Office and laboratory
3.6.2 Staff and farmer quarters
3.6.3 Ancillary buildings
3.7.1 Approach road
3.7.2 Timber bridge
3.7.3 Freshwater supply
3.7.4 Electrical power and lighting
3.7.5 Pumps
4. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR THE OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FISHPONDS
4.1.1 Drainage and drying
4.1.2 Eradicating predators and pests
4.1.3 Fertilizers
4.1.4 Letting in water
4.2.1 Age of fry
4.2.2 Stocking rate
4.2.3 Releasing of fry
4.2.4 Sheltering
4.2.5 Care of fry
4.2.6 Growth of fry
4.2.7 Transferring fry from nursery to rearing ponds
4.3 Application of fertilizers
4.3.1 Organic fertilizer
4.3.2 Inorganic fertilizer
4.4.1 Water management
4.4.2 Pond maintenance
4.4.3 Growing natural food
4.5 Supplementary feeding
4.6 Predators, competitors and pests
4.6.1 Fish
4.6.2 Crabs
4.6.3 Burrowing shrimp
4.6.4 Snails
4.6.5 Birds
4.6.6 Man
4.6.7 Organisms that degrade wood
4.7 Indicators of trouble and remedial action
4.7.1 Indicators of problems in a pond
4.7.2 Remedial action
4.8.1 Black gill disease
4.8.2 Black or brown shell disease
4.8.3 Muscle necrosis
4.8.4 Cotton shrimp
4.8.5 White shell disease
4.8.6 Virus disease
4.8.7 Body cramps
4.8.8 Overburdening organisms
4.9 Cropping and pre-marketing technology
4.9.1 Partial harvesting
4.9.2 Total harvesting
5. HATCHERY - MULTIPURPOSE FOR PENAEID SHRIMP AND FINFISH
5.1 Evaluation and selection of hatchery site
5.2 Design
5.2.1 Sea water reservoir
5.2.2 Freshwater reservoir
5.2.3 Maturation
5.2.4 Spawning tanks
5.2.5 Larval rearing tanks
5.2.6 Filtration unit
5.2.7 Electrical power and lighting
5.2.8 Pumps
5.2.9 Piping for water supply
5.2.10 Aeration
5.2.11 The hatchery building
6.1.1 Land clearing along perimeter dike path
6.1.2 Stripping
6.1.3 Scarifying
6.1.4 Cut-off trench
6.1.5 Borrow areas
6.1.6 Embankment and structure backfill
6.1.7 Tertiary dikes
6.1.8 Pond levelling
6.2 Equipment, hand tools and implements
6.2.1 Dragline
6.2.2 Power shovel
6.2.3 Tools and implements
8. PROBLEMS AND CONSTRAINTS AND RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
10. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
TABLES
Table 1 Preliminary soil analysis in Ban Merbok site
Table 2 Preliminary water analysis in Ban Merbok site
Table 3 Ratios of tidal range at Tanjong Dawai to that at site of proposed farm
Table 4 Design tide curve (for main gate) with high water at mean high water neap
Table 5 The nutrient composition of some organic fertilizers
FIGURES
Fig. 2 Locality plan (enlarged map of site area)
Fig. 4 Diurnal variation of sunshine for Alor Setar, 1963–1972
Fig. 6 Sketh of general area showing location of proposed pilot project and succeeding phases
Fig. 7 Topographic map of the proposed project areas inside and outside the bund
Fig. 8 Tide curves showing the tidal characteristics of the Sungai Merbok estuary
Fig. 10 General (modular) pond layout for Ban Merbok brackishwater aquaculture demonstration project
Fig. 11 Typical module for a family size shrimp pond for the proposed Ban Merbok pilot development
Fig. 12 Cross-section through secondary dike across water supply canal and nursery/rearing pond
Fig. 13 Cross-section through tertiary dike across nursery and rearing pond
Fig. 14 Typical cross-section of perimeter (main) dike
Fig. 15 Typical cross-section of perimeter dike built across an old channel
Fig. 16 Typical cross-section of secondary dike showing ground and water levels
Fig. 17 Typical cross-section of tertiary dike showing the various ground and water levels
Fig. 18 Change on pond water level with time as plotted against tide curve
Fig. 19 Detail of main gate, MG
Fig. 20 Detail of secondary gates, SG1 and SG2
Fig. 21 Detail of secondary gates, SG3 and SG4
Fig. 22 Detail of tertiary gates, TG1 and TG2 for nursery/rearing ponds
Fig. 23 Typical cross-section of supply canal
Fig. 24 Typical cross-section of drainage canal
Fig. 25 Map of Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia showing study sites for proposed hatchery
Fig. 27 Schematic layout plan of proposed multipurpose hatchery
Fig. 28 Sketch showing how to use a winch and a pulley block for manual-destumping
Fig. 29 Types of anchor for manual destumping
Fig. 31 Three types of fishpond digging implements
Fig. 32 Two kinds of implements used in fishpond construction
Fig. 33 Side slope gimmick (made for dike slope of 1.5:1)
Fig. 34 Flat boat for fishpond use
Fig. 36 Fertilizer platform and walkway
ANNEXES
ANNEX A Programme of work before construction for 1979
ANNEX B Tide data for 1–6 August 1979 for Sungai Keluang
ANNEX D Design computations for the determination of the width of sluiceway for the main gate
ANNEX E Prawn (Penaeus monodon) culture management programme
ANNEX F Time schedule for rearing Penaeus monodon
ANNEX G Concrete and concreting
ANNEX H Meetings held during the consultants tour of duty
ANNEX I Itinerary of FAO aquaculture consultants to Malaysia, 25 July to 31 October 1979
REPORT OF ASSISTANCE ON
SELECTION OF SITE, DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE
BAN MERBOK, KEDAH, MALAYSIA BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
by
R.G. Hechanova1 and B. Tiensongrusmee2
Abstract
A consultancy was implemented to initiate the brackishwater aquaculture demonstration pilot project at Ban Merbok, Kedah state in Malaysia. The work consisted in selecting site, preparing the design and construction procedure, and setting guidelines for the future operation of the project.
There was a question whether to establish the pilot family size small-holder pond demonstration inside or outside a man-made bund in the area. The technical and socio-economic considerations were appraised in each case and it was determined by the Government Task Force that demonstration outside the bund was more advantageous. The Task Force functioned with the technical advice of this consultancy.
To ensure the continuing supply of stocking material for penaeid shrimp and finfish, complementary project consisting of the establishment of a hatchery was also looked into. Prospective sites were surveyed and preliminary selection of the most suitable area was determined. Preliminary guidelines for the construction and operation of the hatchery were also laid down.
Present designation and address: