COVER

MALAYSIA
COASTAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FI:DP/MAL/77/008
Field Document 2
October 1984

Selected papers prepared during the activities
of the Coastal Aquaculture Demonstration and
Training Project

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Food and Agriculture Organization is greatly indebted to all those who assisted in the implementation of the project by providing information, advice and facilities.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 1984

Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics.

This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software. FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter

1 Diet Development for Sea Bass, Grouper and Penaeid Shrimp Culture in Malaysia by Kai W. Chow

1. INTRODUCTION

2. TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE CONSULTANCY

4. SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS AND WORK COMPLETED

4.1 Survey of Feed Raw Materials

4.2 Survey of the Feed Milling Industry

4.3 Fish Diet Development at Gelang Patah

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

2 Geochemistry and Microbiology of Coastal Aquaculture Demonstration and Training Project, Gelang Patah, Johore Bahru, Malaysia by Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3. FIELD GEOCHEMICAL DATA

4. AIR BUBBLING EXPERIMENTS

5. LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF POTENTIAL ACIDITY

6. COMPOSITION OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS

7. FIELD LEACHING EXPERIMENTS AND OTHER DATA

8. POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO PYRITE OXIDATION AND WATER QUALITY DETERIORATION

8.1 Methods and Experimental Design

8.2 Water without Sediment

8.3 Water over Pond Sediment

8.4 Microscopic Examinations

9. ACID BUDGET CALCULATIONS

3 Feed Formulation for Penaeid Shrimp, Sea Bass, Grouper and Rabbitfish Culture in Malaysia by Akio Kanazawa

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SUGGESTION ON FEED FORMULATION FOR PENAEID SHRIMP, SEA BASS, GROUPER AND RABBITFISH

4 Report to the Food and Agriculture Organization on a Consultancy Mission to the Fisheries Research Institute, Glugor, Penang, Malaysia by C.M. James

1. INTRODUCTION

2. WORK SCHEDULE

3. PHYTOPLANKTON (UNICELLULAR ALGAE)

4. MARINE YEAST

8. RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS

9. REPORTING THE DATA

10. NUTRITIONAL STUDIES

REFERENCES AND FUTURE READING

APPENDIX I: PROCEDURE FOR MARINE YEAST CULTURE

APPENDIX II: LIST OF SUPPLIERS OF CHEMICALS AND EQUIPMENT

APPENDIX III: DATA SHEETS

5 Comparative Study of Tidal and Pumped Water Supply for Brackishwater Aquaculture Ponds in Malaysia by R.H. Gedrey, Yuang C. Shang and H.L. Cook

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS

2.2 Tidal Parameters

2.3 Sites Selected

2.4 Basic Parameters

3.1 Description

3.2 Excavation and Embankments

3.5 Effectiveness and Unit Hectare Costs

4. PUMPING PLAN

4.1 Description

4.2 Pumped Water Supply

4.3 Fuel Requirements

4.4 Pumping Plant

4.7 Pond Effectiveness

4.8 Water Supply Canal Drop Structures

4.11 Pumping Station Cost Estimate

4.12 Summary Cost Estimate

5. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

5.2 Comparison of Average Annual Operating Costs

5.3 Differences in break-even production level

6. STUDY FINDINGS

6 The Contribution of Primary Production and Meiofauna to Food Chains Based on Bacteria in Penaeid Prawn Aquaculture Ponds by D.J.W. Moriarty, H.L. Cook, Rosly bin Hassan and M. Thanabal

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Pond Treatments

2.2 Water Column Measurements

4.1 Primary and Bacterial Production

4.2 Meiofauna as Food for the Prawns

4.3 Relationships between Bacteria and Meiofauna

7 Use of Screens and Boards in Water Management for Tidal Ponds by H.L. Cook, Azmi b. Abd. Rahman, L.D. Rajamanickam and Md. Nafiah b. Md. Yasin

1. INTRODUCTION

2. TYPES OF SCREENS

2.1 Screens for the Main Gate

2.2 Screens for the Main Canal

2.3 Screens for the Pond Gate

3.1 General Guidelines

3.2 Use of Wood Boards

8 Survey of Wild Fish Fry and Their Suitability for Aquaculture in Tanjong Adang, Johor, Malaysia by Umpol Pongsuwana, Azmi bin Abdul Rahman and Ramli bin Khamis

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT AND METHOD OF STUDY

2.3 Temporary Cage

2.4 Water Quality

2.5 Transportation of Fish Seed

2.6 Transport in Plastic Bags

2.7 Transport in Tanks

3. ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SITE

3.2 Climatic Conditions

3.3 Water Quality

4. SPECIES CAPTURED

4.1 Lutjanus johni, Jenahak

4.2 L. russelli, Ikan Tanda

4.3 Epinephelus tauvina, Kerapu

4.4 E. sexfasciatus, Kerapu

4.5 Siganus canaliculatus, Dengkis

4.6 Siganus guttatus, Debam

4.7 Siganus javus, Dengkis

4.8 Gnathodon speciosus, Gerong-gerong

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

9 Experiences in Establishing Vegetation on Acid Sulphate Pond Dikes by H.L. Cook, Umpol Pongsuwana, L.D. Rajamanickam and Ramli bin Khamis

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH OF VEGETATION ON THE DIKES

3. EXPERIMENTATION AND OBSERVATIONS

4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PLANTING

4.1 Planting at Water Level

4.2 Planting High on the Dike

10 Cleaning Interior Canals of Brackishwater Ponds by Somnuk Wechasitt

11 Aeration and Water Circulation in Brackishwater Aquaculture Ponds by Harry L. Cook, Somnuk Wechasitt, Chuah Toh Thye and E. Selvam

1. INTRODUCTION

2. WATER CIRCULATION IN PONDS

3. AERATION AND CIRCULATION IN MODIFIED RACEWAY PONDS

12 Recommendations for Construction and Management of Brackishwater Aquaculture Ponds in Areas with Acid Sulphate Soil by H.L. Cook, Umpol Pongsuwana and Somnuk Wechasitt

1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION

2. DESIGN CONCEPTS

2.1 Use of Soil with the Least Acidity

2.2 The Dikes should be as Small as Possible

2.3 Increasing the Volume of Water in a Pond

2.4 Eliminating Fluctuations in Water Level

2.5 Increasing pH and Decreasing Iron of Run-in Water

3. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS

3.1 Organic Matter

3.3 Water Depth

3.4 Water Stratification

3.5 Water Exchange

4. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

13 Fabrication of Feed Suitable for Smallholder Aquaculture by Ismail Abu Hassan, Safiah Sayuthi, Chu Siu Chiam

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PREPARATION OF FEED

2.1 Criteria for Selection of Feed Ingredient

2.2 Principle Feed Ingredient

2.3 Procedure for Preparing the Ingredients

3.1 Dry Pellets

3.1.3 Pelleting

3.1.5 Packing and Storage

3.2 Moist Pellet

3.3 Powdered Starter

5. EVLUATION OF FEED

5.1 Growth and Survival

5.3 Fish (Siganus guttatus, Siganus canaliculatus, Lates calcarifer

5.4 Palatability

5.5 Water Stability