全球粮食安全与营养论坛 (FSN论坛)

意见征集

为提高农业粮食体系的可持续性、包容度和韧性, 粮农组织如何能够更好地支持各国应对农业粮食体系转型治理问题?

若干年以来,围绕推动农业粮食体系转型并提高其可持续性、韧性、包容度和平等性的迫切需要的认识不断加深。

我们如何理解农业粮食体系和系统方法?

农业粮食体系涵盖食物(例如谷类、蔬菜、鱼类、水果和牲畜)从农场到 餐桌的全过程,包括种植、收获、加工、包装、运输、流通、交易、购买、制备、 食用和丢弃。该体系还包括构成生计的非食品类产品(例如林业、动物饲养、 饲料使用、使用原料和生物质生产生物燃料,以及纤维),以及在人们获取粮食 和农产品的过程中发挥作用的所有人和活动、投资、选择。” (nf243zh.pdf (fao.org)糧農組織大會第42屆會議):

鉴于认识到系统是由一系列能够达成多重目标的复杂且相互关联的组成部分构成的,那么某种系统方法则有助于各种不同主体理解系统的构架及其运行方式。通过共同对其不同组成部分进行梳理,查找各种动因及其之间的关联并确定可能采取的行动步骤,系统方法能够有助于厘清何为关键问题以及需要做出决定的症结所在。

农业粮食体系在挽救和加速实现可持续发展目标进展方面能够发挥重要作用;可持续和有韧性的农业粮食体系在对可持续发展的社会、经济和环境层面发挥积极影响方面拥有巨大潜力。在粮安委2021年批准《粮食体系与营养自愿准则》[1]之后,2021年9月召开了联合国粮食体系峰会,最近又于2023年7月召开了联合国粮食体系峰会阶段成果总结推进大会。尽管在推动农业粮食体系转型、提高其可持续性、韧性、包容度和平等性的必要性方面似乎达成了协议和共识,但对各国而言,有关政策法律和治理要求[2]和影响仍有待进行更明晰的阐发。世界范围数十年的发展努力已经证明,狭隘的方法和技术上的缝缝补补乏善可陈,特别是从长远角度看。数据、技术和创新可以成为农业粮食体系转型的强大动力,但务必要辅之以适当的有利环境治理体系。正如联合国秘书长在其报告中所说的那样[3],通往转型的路径要求进行“全面的规划、协作以及对潜在折衷、合力和国际溢出效益的权衡”且“各国将需要应对针对变革可能产生的抗拒和政治反作用力的问题”。

        在推动实现农业粮食体系转型的过程中,需要克服的某些主要障碍包括缺乏政策连贯性和协调、主要利益相关者能力和参与不足、各国国内和各国之间性别不平等和社会经济差距加大以及事关政治经济核心与农业粮食体系掌控的权力和经济利益不对称问题。例如,旨在保护生物多样性和缓解气候变化的举措可能影响收入水平最低人群和依赖自然资源为生的人群的权利;旨在通过更严格法规的方式应对肥胖问题的举措可能影响销售深加工产品私营企业的经济利益;农业生产从依赖外部投入品的模式向更可持续、对化学品依赖度更低的模式逐步转变,把生产更多样性食物供当地消费放在优先地位,满足生计和社区营养双重目标这一做法似乎仍与主流模式格格不入。

        此外,在很多情况下,政策和法规与转型目标没有衔接,不适应现有制度安排、政治架构、不断增加的不平等现象和能力水平。但这些因素对于这些政策和法规(是否)能够在实地得以实施并产生预想结果具有重大影响。

召集人:

Corinna Hawkes,农业粮食体系及食品安全司 (ESF) 司长

Donata Rugarabamu,法律顾问

Stefanos Fotiou,可持续发展目标办公室(OSG)主任

 

本次征集通知的原由

        上述问题影响到粮农组织妥善支持成员国设计和实施推动可持续农业粮食体系转型路径的能力。因此这对于本组织继续思考应如何把粮食和农业相关政策作为一个“系统”、而非推动实现某个共同目标的多个行动加以看待十分关键。

        正是在这一背景下,可持续发展目标办公室、农业粮食体系及食品安全司、治理及政策支持处及发展法处共同组织开展本次在线征集活动,面向各利益相关者采集有关对农业粮食体系具有转型意义的与治理有关的举措和干预措施实例

        我们邀请各位提供有关下列举措/干预措施的信息:

  • 面向系统的工作方式的制度机制/治理安排;
  • 使政策和法规与转型目标保持一致的举措;
  • 农业粮食体系跨领域工作的预算编制和资金安排;
  • 平衡农业粮食体系权力和决策非对称性的举措,包括通过性别响应型和性别变革型方法;
  • 针对农业粮食体系中不均衡和不平等现象的补救措施;
  • 关于如何衡量这些举措的影响的具体手段和证据。

        提交内容应当从经济、社会和环境角度着眼上述领域的转型努力,应阐明对有关转型变革[4]进行潜在记载和衡量的方式。

        各位提交内容的结果将供粮农组织与各国政府和其他利益相关者为提高农业粮食体系包容度、韧性和可持续性而围绕政策、法规和治理开展合作时参考。

        收到的意见建议汇编将在本磋商网页上向公众提供。欢迎大家查阅有关文件和资源,获取参考文献中罗列的有关农业粮食体系转型的更详尽信息。

        本征集通知截至2024年4月1日。

如何参加本次征集通知

       要参加本次征集通知活动此前未注册者请在粮食安全与营养论坛上注册注册者请登录。请下载六种联合国语言中任意版本的提交模板(英文、法文、西班牙文、俄文、阿拉伯文和中文)并在网页“粘贴意见和建议”表框中上载填写完毕的表格。提交内容字数请限制在2,000字内,可以添加相关支持材料附件。获取任何技术支持,、下载或上载提交模板,请发送电子邮件至 [email protected]


        我们提前对各位的贡献表示感谢并期待从各位的经验中汲取教益。

共同主持人

Dubravka Bojic,治理及政策处(DDCG)项目官员

Jose Valls,粮食体系及食品安全司政策官员

Margret Vidar,发展法处(LEGN)法务官员

Hajnalka Petrics,可持续发展目标办公室项目官员

Olena Ovchynnikova,OSG 技術官


[1] 粮安委《粮食体系与营养自愿准则》由2021年2月8-11日举行的粮安委第47届会议批准。   CFS_VGs_Food_Systems_and_Nutrition_Strategy_ZH.pdf (fao.org) .

[2] 治理系指“公共和私人主体藉以声张利益并做出和落实决定的正式和非正式规则、组织以及程序”(https://www.fao.org/3/mg015c/mg015c.pdf)。

[3] 粮食体系造福人民与地球,联合国粮食体系峰会阶段成果总结推进大会秘书长报告。第20页。unfss2-secretary-general-report.pdf (unfoodsystemshub.org)

[4] 请注意“转型变革”是指创新性、前瞻性变革,有别于仅着眼解决表层问题或症状的“因循守旧”的做法。“转型变革”能导致根本性要素和动因的变革,从而促成问题的解决。


参考文献 

  1. 粮安委,2023。 粮食安全与营养背景下性别平等与妇女和女童赋权自愿准则
  2. 粮安委,2021。粮食体系与营养自愿准则。
  3. 粮农组织,2018。推动粮食和农业转型促进实现可持续发展目标。指导决策者的20项相互关联的行动
  4. 粮农组织,2021。 农业粮食体系转型。改善营养和可持续性的立法举措,供公共磋商的初步版本
  5. Bojić, D.Clark, M. Urban, K2022。 聚焦治理提高政策和技术支持的有效性。治理与政策支持框架文件。罗马,粮农组织。 
  6. Gobena, A. Vidar, M. 2023。 农业与自然资源治理 – 推动包容和可持续转型的法律工具。法务简报,第12号。罗马,粮农组织。
  7. 粮农组织。2023。 粮农组织与可持续发展目标。通过当地社区赋权实现2030议程。 罗马,粮农组织。
  8. 联合国。2023。 2023全球可持续发展报告。危机时刻,变革时刻:加速可持续发展转型的学问。 联合国经社部。

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Dear all, 

please find attached our contribution to the call: The Agri-Food Systems Transformation Protocol. It is a concise guide to developing transformation pathways in different contexts and at different levels. It is designed to help a wide variety of decision-makers, stakeholders and actors – including agri-food producers and businesses, grassroots groups, practitioners, researchers, national policymakers, and international organizations – gain a clearer understanding of what must be done and in which sequence. The Protocol has been developed as  part of the FORESEE (4Cs) Report Series (tmg-thinktank.com), which aims to develop a systematic understanding of how food systems can be transformed. 

Dear Editor,

I am pleased to submit our contributions regarding the transformational efforts undertaken and needed to enhance the resilience of Sri Lanka's livestock and poultry value chain. Our insights stem from a comprehensive analysis of the challenges, interventions, and outcomes in the context of sustainable economic, environmental, and social development. In our submission, we have meticulously outlined the complex approaches adopted to empower small-scale farmers, promote gender inclusivity, improve food safety and quality, and foster stakeholder collaboration. We have highlighted the transformative nature of our interventions in improving the livelihoods of the most disadvantaged sectors of the population and contributing to a more inclusive food system.

Thank you for considering our submission. We look forward to the opportunity to contribute to ongoing discussions and initiatives aimed at building sustainable and resilient food systems.

Warm regards, Dr. Hasitha Priyashantha

Dear All

With due respect, I would like to share my thoughts with you. Temperature is a crucial component for agriculture and fire breakout. Various Researches show that changes in climate not only create extreme weather but also create warmer, drier conditions, leading to longer and more active fire seasons and increased flammability and combustibility. Like many other sectors agricultural sector is suffering from various natural and man-made disasters including fire. As fire prevention is better than fire protection so I think that from global level to country level if there is a Temperature Management Law to form a Temperature Management Authority, then it would be better. I think that the Temperature Management Authority will be able to promote, patronize, and oblige us to use various sustainable environment friendly, economically viable and energy efficient technologies for better temperature management, and fire management integration into all sectors including agriculture.

L'une des principales façons dont la FAO peut soutenir les pays dans la gouvernance de la transformation des systèmes agricoles est en élaborant des politiques agricoles inclusives. Cela implique de travailler en étroite collaboration avec les gouvernements nationaux pour élaborer des politiques qui favorisent l'innovation, la durabilité et l'équité dans le secteur agricole. En encourageant l'adoption de bonnes pratiques agricoles et en mettant en place des réglementations efficaces, la FAO peut contribuer à transformer les systèmes agricoles de manière positive.

Un autre aspect essentiel de l'action doivent etre la promotion de l'innovation technologique dans l'agriculture et les bonnes pratique agricole en promouvoir les biotechnologies. En soutenant la recherche et le développement de technologies agricoles avancées, la FAO doit aider les pays à moderniser leurs pratiques agricoles, à accroître leur productivité et à s'adapter aux défis environnementaux et climatiques. De plus, en facilitant l'accès des agriculteurs aux nouvelles technologies, la FAO doit contribue à réduire les inégalités et à renforcer la résilience des communautés agricoles.

La FAO doit encore  s'engager  à renforcer les capacités des acteurs locaux, y compris les agriculteurs, les coopératives et les organisations de la société civile, pour favoriser une gouvernance efficace des systèmes agricoles. En fournissant une formation, un soutien technique et des ressources financières, il doit aider les acteurs locaux à améliorer leurs compétences, à promouvoir la durabilité et à participer activement aux processus.

I am writing regarding animal agriculture.  Very little has been said by UNFAO regarding animal welfare in #Food. 

If the people in charge of UNFAO and OIE really saw what went on in the world, perhaps they would speak to governments about it much more.  In the opening statement for the SDGs it does say all animals are sentient and all animals deserve protection.  However not much more has been said since especially by FAO.

Why do animal rights organisations and activists always have to send petitions to government's on the horrible issues like boiling alive, dismembering alive, steaming alive, live export where animals die from heat, dairy calves freezing to death, force feeding?  Governments should have been humane and banned these things decades ago.  None of these animal production methods are green or have anything to do with the OIE Terrestrial Code or EU 5 Freedoms.  The animal rights organisations send in thousands of letters to governments for help. But the governments ignore it time and time again.   In the EU they have the 5 Freedoms, yet ducks and geese are force fed, using an ancient Egypt method that cause their back sides to split open and the torture goes on for weeks and octopus are cooked alive. The governments don't care about animal welfare, if they did they would pay attention to the petitions sent in. But they ignore them.  It would help if the UNFAO and the OIE were much more vocal about the atrocities that occur.  And the UNFAO had a proper pact that governments signed up to on animal welfare. Not just in food. But animals are used everywhere, fashion, medicine, sports, work. FAO should start it though.

The UN has forgotten to talk about sentient beings in the SDGs. Governments don't care. As FAODG says, Food System Transformation is required, especially with animal production(torture) yet dogs and cats are routinely boiled alive in China for food, using the traditional method by workers who are left behind using 2000 year old live processing.

Here is an idea: 

https://sentientism.info/sentientism-in-action/sentientist-development-goals

Here are some of the issues, that the governments just ignore time and time again, In fact in USA, those that try to report on issues like live scalding and live dismemberment are considered terrorists. I hope the UNFAO carefully discuss each of these issues. And find a way to get governments to address it,. I believe the UN Animal Welfare Officer needs to take such issues to governments. Have a big meeting where they all watch the videos and agree on a pact. Otherwise there is no green agriculture. The UN will have failed on food production goals if all this continues on and on.

https://mercyforanimals.org/blog/uk-study-thousands-of-farmed-animals-scalded

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8372727/Thousands-pigs-steamed-death-Iowas-largest-pork-producer.html

https://www.kinderworld.org/videos/meat-industry/pigs-burned-alive-china/

https://animalsaustralia.org/our-work/farmed-animals/lynn-simpson-a-life-live-export-stories/

https://mercyforanimals.org/blog/sickening-new-video-reveals-calves-freezing/

 

I repeat, if all of this carries on, then the SDGS is a failure because animal sentience comes over many of the squares, you just don't see it.

 

 

The most important shift we recommend to FAO is to base policies on a "woman small-holder"-centric systems approach. As past FAO studies have shown, if the food system worked for her, there would be 150 million fewer hungry people. I wrote a paper on this subject at this link. One aspect is to focus more attention on that market power of rural women from village up to district market level, focusing on the goal of a local food system that be far less dependent on global value chains and therefore more resilient.