Livestock production in tsetse affected areas of Africa













Table of Contents


THE AFRICAN TRYPANOTOLERANT LIVESTOCK NETWORK

PROCEEDINGS OF A MEETING HELD 23-27 NOVEMBER 1987 NAIROBI, KENYA

Proceedings of a meeting held in Nairobi, Kenya from the 23rd to 27th November 1978 organized by the International Livestock Centre for Africa and the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases

ILCA/ILRAD 1988

Published by the International Livestock Centre for Africa and the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya

© ILCA/ILRAD 1988

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the Publishers.

ISBN 92-9055-288-3

Printed in Kenya by English Press, Nairobi

This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software and careful manual recorrection. Even if the quality of digitalisation is high, the FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.


Table of Contents


List of authors

List of abbreviation

Preface

Introduction

1 - Livestock production in tropical Africa with special reference to the tsetse-afferent zone

Production and production systems
Constraints and factors influencing production in tropical Africa
Nutritional and economic contributions of livestock
Projections and key constraints
References

2 - The potential of collaborative research networks in developing countries

Network typology
Collaborative research networks
Benefits
Start-up and operation
Tapping the unrealized potential
References

3 - An overview of the African trypanotolerant livestock network

References

Tsetse

4 - The role of tsetse in African animal trypanosomiasis

Introduction
Man and tsetse
Prospects for control of animal trypanosomiasis
Discussion
References

5 - Determination of tsetse challenge and its relationship with trypanosome prevalence in trypanotolerant livestock at sites of the African trypanotolerant livestock network

Introduction
Description of sites
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References

6 - Trypanosome prevalence in cattle herds exposed to a range of tsetse challenge levels in northern Cote d'Ivoire

Introduction
Description of the area
Methods
Results
Discussion
References

7 - Tsetse control by means of insecticide impregnated biconical traps: results of five consecutive campaigns in Cote d'Ivoire

Introduction
Description of experiments
Results
Discussion
References

8 - Tsetse and trypanosomiasis in cattle: The interface of grazing patterns and its importance

Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References

9 - The epidemiology of African animal trypanosomias

Introduction
The parasite - The trypanosome
The vector - The tsetse fly
The host - The animal
The human factor
General points
Conclusion
References

10 - Genetic and environmental factors affecting trypanosome prevalence and parasitaemia in livestock

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion and conclusion
References

11 - Anti-trypanosomal antibodies in sequentially collected sera of N'Dama cattle under natural trypanosomiasis risk in The Gambia

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
References

12 - Disease interactions in cattle and sheep in northern Cote d'Ivoire

Introduction
Description of study
Results
Conclusion
References

13 - Trypanosomiasis in N'Dama cattle under village management in Zaire

Introduction
Results
Conclusion
References

14 - Odour attractants for Glossina pallidipes in south - western- Ethiopia

Introduction
Study area
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
References

Trypanotolerance

15 - Trypanotolerance, its criteria and genetic and environmental influences

Introduction
Criteria of trypanotolerance
Basis of mechanisms of trypanotolerance
Genetics of trypanotolerance
Factors affecting the stability of trypanotolerance
Susceptibility of trypanotolerant cattle to other diseases
Conclusion
References

16 - Comparative studies on the responses of N'Dama and Boran cattle to experimental challenge with tsetse-transmitted Trypanosoma congolense

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
References

17 - Trypanosome infections and other factors influencing PVC in livestock

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Conclusion
References

18 - The effects of Trypanosoma congolense infection on the reproductive cycle of N'Dama and Boran heifers

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
References

19 - Reproductive performance of N'Dama cattle kept under village management in The Gambia

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
References

Biological productivity

20 - Factors influencing the production potential of trypanotolerant livestock

Introduction
The fixed factors
The dynamic factors
Discussion
References

21 - Factors influencing reproductive performance in a range of network situations

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion
References

22 - Factors influencing liveweight in a range of network situations

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion
References

23 - Milk extraction for human consumption from N'Dama cattle under village management conditions in The Gambia

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Conclusion
References

24 - Productivity of ranch N'Dama cattle under trypanosomiasis risk

Introduction
Results
N'Dama productivity in an African context
Conclusion
References

25 - Effect of trypanosome infection on livestock health and production in Togo

Introduction
Results
Conclusion
References

26 - Health and performance of zebu cattle exposed to trypanosomiasis risk in S. W. Ethiopia

Introduction
Results
Conclusion
References

Chemotherapy

27 - Chemotherapy against African animal trypanosomiasis: Its strengths and limitations

Introduction
Drugs currently in use
Strengths of chemotherapy
Limitations of chemotherapy
Conclusion
References

28 - Chemoprophylaxis: Its successful use in the control of trypanosomiasis in Boran cattle, at Mkwaja Ranch, Tanzania

Introduction
Mkwaja Ranch
Conclusion
References

29 - The use of chemoprophylaxis in East African Zebu village cattle exposed to trypanosomiasis in Muhaka, Kenya

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Conclusion
References

30 - The effects of trypanosomiasis prophylaxis and anthelmintic treatment in goats under traditional management in southern Tanzania

Introduction
Location and environment
Livestock disease challenge
Goat management systems
Trial design, treatment regimes and recording methods
Results
Discussion and conclusion
References

31 - Health and productivity of trypanotolerant and susceptible cattle exposed to trypanosomiasis in Gabon and the impact of strategic chemoprophylaxis

Introduction
Results
Conclusion
References

32 - Observations following the cyclical infection with Trypanosoma congolense of previously uninfected Baoule and zebu cattle

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Conclusion
References

Economics

33 - Livestock development and economic productivity in tsetse-infested Africa

Introduction
Economics
Rural development and trypanosomiasis
Conclusion
References

34 - Introduction to economic analysis in the African Trypanotolerant Livestock Network

Introduction
Models of animal production
Conclusion
Footnotes
References

35 - Economic aspects of cattle production and of chemoprophylaxis for control of trypanosomiasis in village East African Zebu cattle in Kenya

Introduction
Description of study
Cost-benefit analysis of chemoprophylaxis
Cost-benefit analysis of cattle production
Conclusion
References
Appendix 1. Costs of production inputs
Appendix 2. Cost-benefit analysis results of cattle production

36 - Economic aspects of Recently introduced trypanotolerant livestock production under trypanosomiasis risk in southern Togo

Introduction
Materials and methods
Production parameters
Economic parameters for livestock production
Results
Conclusion
References

37 - The socio-economic aspects of livestock production in village in northern Cote d'Ivoire

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Conclusion
References

38 - N'Dama cattle production In relation to nutritional interventions in villages in The Gambia

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
References

39 - Modelling possible effects of strategic nutritional interventions on national N'Dama cattle production in The Gambia

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Conclusion
References

Genetics of trypanotolerance

40 - Quantitative genetic approaches to breeding for genetic resistance to disease in cattle

Introduction
Additive genetic variation
Non-additive genetic variation
Conclusion
References

41 - Evaluation of criteria of trypanotolerance

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
References

42 - Practical possibilities of blood grouping for parentage information: a pilot study in Zaire

Introduction
Description of the study
Results
Discussion

43 - Genetic aspects of criteria of trypanotolerance

Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
References

44 - The bovine MHC and trypanotolerance

Introduction
MHC typing of cattle
MHC studies in N'Dama cattle
Materials and methods
Results
Conclusion
References

45 - Trypanotolerance in East Africa: A summary of studies in the Orma Boran cattle

Introduction
Results and discussion

46 - IDEAS: A Tool for improved evaluation and utilization of animal genetic resources

Introduction
Ideas potential
Key for success
Impact of ideas in Africa
Conclusion
References
Relevant literature

Current and future research

47 - Research requirements for livestock development in tsetse-affected areas

Introduction
The world bank's experience with livestock projects in tsetse-affected zones
Research and development requirements
Conclusion

47 - Network research: Future developments